Abstract: There is provided a catalyst comprising ZSM-5, rhenium which is impregnated onto the catalyst, and a selectivating agent. The selectivating agent may be coke and/or a siliceous material. The catalyst is particularly useful for catalyzing toluene disproportionation reactions. Methods for making this catalyst and processes for using this catalyst in toluene disproportionation are also provided.

Abstract: There is provided a method for preparing an acidic solid comprising a Group IVB metal oxide modified with an oxyanion of a Group VIB metal. An example of this acidic solid is zirconia, modified with tungstate. This modified solid oxide may be used as a catalyst, for example, to isomerize C.sub.4 to C.sub.8 paraffins. The modified solid oxide is treated with hydrogen at elevated temperatures to enhance catalytic properties of the material.

Abstract: There is provided a method for preparing an acidic solid comprising a Group IVB metal oxide modified with an oxyanion of a Group VIB metal. An example of this acidic solid is zirconia, modified with tungstate. This modified solid oxide may be used as a catalyst, for example, to isomerize C.sub.4 to C.sub.8 paraffins. The method for preparing this acidic solid involves contacting a hydrated oxide of a Group IVB metal under hydrothermal conditions, such as reflux conditions, prior to contact of the hydrated oxide with an aqueous solution comprising a source of an oxyanion of a Group VIB metal.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of toluene to xylenes by alkylation with methanol over an acidic solid catalyst with a Group IVB metal oxide modified with an oxyanion of a Group VIB metal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the oligomerization of ethene to a product rich in isobutylene comprising contacting a feedstock comprising ethene under oligomerization conditions with a catalyst composition comprising a porous crystalline silicate having the structure of ZSM-35 zeolite whose surface has been at least partially deactivated for acid catalyzed reactions by a) coking or b) chemisorption of a surface-deactivating agent, e.g., collidine, which possesses an average cross section diameter greater than that of the zeolite pores.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst and its use in a process for the conversion of ethene to a product rich in linear butenes, especially 2-butene, comprising contacting a feedstock comprising ethene under dimerization conditions with a catalyst composition comprising a porous crystalline silicate having the structure of ZSM-35 which has been treated by a) fluoriding, e.g., with NH.sub.4 F, and then b) at least partially surface deactivated for acid catalyzed reactions by chemisorption of a surface-deactivating agent which possesses an average cross section diameter greater than that of the zeolite pores, e.g., collidine.

Abstract: Heavy oils are advantageously preconditioned by heat soaking prior to hydrotreating with a dispersed metal catalyst to reduce coking in a two stage hydrotreating process. The effluent of a hydrotreating process is filtered to recover catalytically active coke which is recovered by backflushing and recycled to the feed stream. A mild solvent deasphalting step isolates metals in a reduced volume asphaltene fraction.

Abstract: Light olefins are converted to heavier hydrocarbon products, e.g., those boiling in the gasoline, distillate, and/or lube range, under oligomerization reaction conditions in the presence of catalyst comprising zeolite MCM-49.

Abstract: A surface-inactivated catalyst composition comprising acidic porous crystalline material, e.g., ZSM-23, having active internal Bronsted acid sites and containing coke-inactivated external acid sites is prepared by contacting the catalyst under high pressure coking conditions, e.g. 800 psig. The catalyst may be used for organic compound conversion, e.g., oligomerization of lower olefins to produce distillate boiling range materials having reduced methyl branching and increased cetane number.

Abstract: The invention concerns the flow and measurement of divided solids in small diameter tubes at high pressures. A flow channel is drilled through a metal block. A second channel is drilled so that the second channel intersects the first channel at a right angle. A beam of light, sent through an optical fiber in the second channel, travels across the first channel and is received and recorded in the distal end of the extension of the second channel. Interruptions of the light beam, due to the passage of solids along the first channel, are translated into indications of the flow of the solids.