Abstract: The present invention relates to novel unsaturated polycyclic compounds containing two fluoroalcohol substitutents. This invention also relates to homopolymers and copolymers derived from such unsaturated polycyclic compounds. The copolymers are useful for photoimaging compositions and, in particular, photoresist compositions (positive-working and/or negative-working) for imaging in the production of semiconductor devices. The polymers are especially useful in photoresist compositions having high UV transparency (particularly at short wavelengths, e.g., 157 nm) which are useful as base resins in resists and potentially in many other applications.

Abstract: A closed locking ring for a shaft, a shaft stub or a bore having a locking groove therein. The locking ring can include a closed edge zone and a circumferentially interrupted engagement zone, wherein the circumferentially interrupted engagement zone is proximal to the locking groove and the closed edge zone is distal from the locking groove. The interrupted engagement zone slants towards the axis of the locking ring a sufficient amount to allow axial movement of the locking ring into the position of the locking groove.

Abstract: A wax applicator stick scraper according to the invention can be fitted onto the top edge of a disposable wax can received in a wax heater and can have a quarter-moon shape with a free edge with rectilinear segments of different lengths and different angles between them to accommodate different widths and shapes of the applicator stick.

Abstract: A method for steering a steerable mud motor while attached to a retrievable replaceable measurement while drilling device comprising: securing a directional drilling tool to a retrievable replaceable measurement while drilling device, orienting the retrievable replaceable measurement while drilling device with a spear axis of an orientation spear point of the directional drilling tool, and lowering the orientation spear point into a non-magnetic drill collar above a mud motor. An orienting mule shoe stinger is attached to a gyroscopic device, which is then inserted over the orientation spear point, which orients the gyroscoping device along the spear axis, enabling steering of the mud motor while attached to the retrievable replaceable measurement while drilling device, while maintaining full retrievability of the retrievable replaceable measurement while drilling device from the well.

Abstract: A fuel injector for injecting water, in particular into the gas flow of fuel cells, has a valve needle having joined to its spray-discharge end a valve-closure member, which cooperates with a valve-seat surface formed on a valve-closure member a sealing seat. A spray-discharge orifice is provided downstream from the sealing seat, at least a portion of the surfaces of the fuel injector that come into contact with water being coated by a corrosion-inhibiting and/or friction-reducing coating.

Abstract: A cooling scheme for a dome comprises an effusion array drilled directly through a single walled dome. In one embodiment, the layout of the holes comprises two regions, a region close to the fuel injector where the holes follow a tangential path around the injector, and a second region where the direction of the holes is radially outward from the injector axis. A film of cooling air may be applied on the interior side of the combustor dome via an air swirler, which projects air radially outward from the injector axis. The first series of cooling holes supplement this air supply so that cooling efficacy is extended along the dome surface and is directed in a counter-rotating manner with respect to the main air swirler. The second series of dome cooling holes infuse further cooling flux that reduces the temperature in the corner regions between fuel injectors.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for transferring a plurality of satellite signals through an optical communication network. The method includes the steps of selecting a frequency of a local oscillator signal within a guardband between a left polarization signal and a right polarization signal of a first satellite signal of the plurality of satellite signals, frequency shifting the first satellite signal upwards in frequency by the selected frequency. The method further includes the steps of combining the frequency shifted satellite signal with a second satellite signal of the plurality of satellite signals and modulating a optical carrier with the combined signals, transferring the modulated optical carrier to a receiver through an optical fiber and decoding the first and second satellite signals within the receiver.

Abstract: An atomization system for fuels, particularly for charging a chemical reformer for obtaining hydrogen, features at least one metering device, accommodated in a supporting device, for metering fuel into a temperature-adjusted substance stream, which introduces the fuel directly into the temperature-adjusted substance stream without the interpolation of a supply line.

Abstract: A gas regulating fitting that, in addition to enabling an electronic ignition of the gas flow, also permits a manual ignition. A covering element (17) is displaceably mounted on the housing (1) of the gas regulating fitting and, in a first position, covers a tappet (10; 14), which is provided for actuating a thermoelectric ignition safety valve (26) and a main valve (19), and covers a control switch (13) of a piezoelectric igniting element. When the covering element (17) is in a second position, an actuation of the tappet (10; 14), which inevitably occurs when the covering element (17) is displaced, ensures that the main valve (19) is located in the closed position. In addition, the control switch (13) and the tappet (10, 14) are released in this position in such a manner that an ignition of the gas flow is made possible by a manual actuation thereof.

Abstract: In a printer and a method for control of the print head thereof operating according to the thermotransfer principle, the print head having a number of printing elements for which an energy quantity to be supplied to one of the printing elements is determined in a determination step and the energy quantity is supplied to that printing element in a supply step in order to transfer ink from an ink carrier device associated with the print head onto a substrate associated with the ink carrier device, by the energy quantity is determined in the determination step dependent on the print image type of the print image in the region of the image point.

Abstract: A method for deflecting threaded email discussions to message forums includes providing a first user operating an email client application to send a first email message addressed to one or more recipient users with a first option to designate the first email message for posting to a message forum hosted by a messaging forum server; accessing the messaging forum server to post a content of the first email message to the message forum if the first user has sent the first email message with the first option selected; formatting the first email message to append a hyperlink to the message forum and a hyperlink to a comment feed syndicated for the message forum; routing the first email message for delivery to the one or more recipient users including a second user operating the email client application; providing the second user with a second option to designate a second email message composed in reply to the first email message for posting to the message forum if the first user has sent the first email message wi

Abstract: A directional drilling tool comprising an orientation spear point having a spear axis. The orientation spear point comprises an end shaft with a threadable extension disposed along the spear axis and a support pin having a support pin axis perpendicular to and intersecting the spear axis. An orienting pin having an orienting pin axis perpendicular to the support pin axis and spear axis and intersecting the spear axis also extends through the end shaft. A latch rod with a latching edge is connected to the end shaft, and a nose is connected to the latching rod. The directional drilling tool also comprises a crossover sub comprising a first threaded section for engaging the threadable extension, and a second threaded extension for receiving a plurality of pin dimensions, an end of a tool, or a box.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder with a combustion chamber formed between a piston and a cylinder head, inlet and outlet ducts formed in the cylinder head, a fuel injector arranged in the cylinder head into for forming a hollow fuel cone in the combustion chamber and a spark plug arranged such that, during The injection of fuel, the electrodes of the spark plug are outside the injected hollow fuel cone, the spark plug and the fuel injector are positioned in such a way that a first distance (C) is provided between an injector axis and a free end of the central electrode of the spark plug, and the cylinder bore has a diameter (D), with a ratio (C/D) of the first distance (C) and a bore diameter (D) being in a range of 0.1 to 0.19, in particular 0.13 to 0.17.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a temperature profile within a preferential oxidation reactor is controlled using a two phase water/steam system to provide a temperature range within the reactor (10) which favors the selective oxidation of CO in a hydrogen rich reformate stream. The reformate is flowed in a mixture with oxygen over a preferential oxidation catalyst (17). The temperature profile is controlled by flowing a stream of water proximate to the preferential oxidation catalyst (17) so as the stream of water and the reformate stream passing over the catalyst (17) are in a heat transfer arrangement. The stream of water is maintained as a two phase stream from a point at which the water reaches its boiling temperature to a point proximate an outlet from which the stream of water exits the reactor (10).

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for operation of a multiple fuel engine, which runs on a combination of two or more fuels. An electronic control unit (ECU) may be connected to the existing components of an engine system in order to control operation of the multiple fuel engine. The engine system may be mechanically governed or electronically controlled. The ECU inputs operating characteristics of the engine system, determines governing characteristics for multiple fuel operation based on the operating characteristics, and controls the amounts of fuel delivered to the engine based on the governing characteristics. In a preferred embodiment, a dual fuel engine operates using diesel as a first fuel and natural gas as a second fuel. The operating characteristics may include engine speed, throttle position, engine exhaust temperature, gas pressure of the second fuel, gas temperature of the second fuel, boost pressure of an intake manifold, or engine coolant temperature.

Abstract: A system for exposing a flexographic printing plate with light includes a light-providing subsystem and a reflector around the light-providing subsystem. The reflector includes a body and a plurality of miniature mirrors on an interior of the body arranged to reflect light generated by the light-providing subsystem to exit the reflector at angles integrated between 0 degrees and a selected angle, such as 30 degrees. As a result, the shoulder angles of features on the flexographic printing plate are controlled within a selected range of angles, such as 0 to 30 degrees.

Abstract: An X-ray imaging system is provided that includes a target for emitting X-rays and having at least one target focal spot, and an array of multilayer optic devices for transmitting X-rays through total internal reflection. The array of multilayer optics devices are in optical communication with the at least one target focal spot. Further, a method for imaging an object with an X-ray imaging machine is provided. Also, a method for forming a stack of multilayer optic devices is provided.

Abstract: A housing for an electrical circuit having a metal base with an open top and a metal lid which overlies the open top of the base and forms an interior chamber adapted to contain an electronic circuit. The outer periphery of the lid is attached to the base by friction stir welding to thereby form a hermetically sealed chamber dimensioned to contain an electronic circuit. An electronic port is electrically connected to the electronic circuit and accessible exteriorly of the housing.

Abstract: The invention relates to liquid chromatography techniques for rapidly characterizing samples, such as polymer solutions, emulsions and dispersions, and to devices for implementing such techniques. The system includes a design that provides the ability to perform chromatographic separations by using mobile phase composition gradients and temperature gradients during separations. The invention accomplishes this by providing mixing zones for a plurality of fluids as well as heated and chilled feeds feeding the fluids to the mixing zones. Additionally, the system provides the ability to analyze separated components with a detector and/or collect separated fractions into vessels of a fraction collector for further separation and/or analysis.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a separation deck free of stepwise changes in elevation between a first end and a second end, the separation deck comprising a plurality of spaces through which a constituent material may pass, a plurality of scrubbers disposed on the deck, the plurality of scrubbers having a first end disposed at a higher elevation than the deck in at least a first state, and a vibratory generator coupled to the deck. The mixed material moves over the deck and the scrubbers from the first end to the second end by the motion imparted by the vibratory generator. Components of the mixed material move relative to each other as the components move over the scrubbers, thereby causing the constituents material attached to the components of the mixed material to separate and pass through the spaces in the separation deck.