Abstract: A process for continuously producing a pulp biomass, comprising subjecting a biomass containing feed to a treatment which comprises bringing the feed to a pressure of 100-250 bar, keeping the pressurized feed subsequently or concomitantly at a temperature not exceeding 280 degrees C. over a period of up to 60 minutes, thereby obtaining a pulp and optionally subjecting the pulp to a reaction step in which the pulp is heated over a. period of up to 60 minutes to a temperature exceeding 280 degrees C. resulting in the continuous production of a hydrocarbon product having a greater energy density than biomass.

Abstract: Process for continuously producing a pulp biomass, comprising subjecting a biomass containing feed to a treatment which comprises bringing the feed to a pressure of 100-250 bar, keeping the pressurised feed subsequently or concomitantly at a temperature not exceeding 280° C. over a period of up to 60 minutes, thereby obtaining a pulp and optionally subjecting the pulp to a reaction step in which the pulp is heated over a period of up to 60 minutes to a temperature exceeding 280° C. resulting in the continuous production of a hydrocarbon product having an enhanced energy density from biomass.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a process for in situ fluorinating a catalyst by passing a gas containing hydrogen through a catalyst bed, injecting a gaseous organic fluorine compound into the gas and recycling the gas at such a low temperature and during such a long period that more than 50% of the fluorine compound is physically adsorbed on the catalyst, and then increasing the temperature of the bed so as to finish the in situ fluorination.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for catalytically hydroconverting asphalt in a first reactor in the presence of a hydrogenated middle distillate and hydrogen under conditions effecting both hydroconversion of the asphalt and dehydrogenation of said distillate, fractionating the reaction product into at least one distillate fraction and a residual fraction, catalytically hydrogenating the middle distillate fraction in a second reactor and circulating at least part of the second reaction product to the first reactor, and circulating hydrogenation catalyst between the first and second reactors.

Abstract: Residual hydrocarbon stocks obtained after vacuum distillation are converted into light distillates by certain sequences of processing steps including vacuum distillation, deasphalting, hydrocracking, atmospheric distillation and catalytic hydrotreating.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the conversion of a hydrocarbon oil vacuum distillation residue to one or more atmospheric distillates by a processing sequence comprising vacuum fractionation, catalytic cracking or hydrocracking, atmospheric fractionation, hydrotreating, atmospheric fractionation, and vacuum fractionation with certain recycle of intermediate streams to achieve efficient, economic operation.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for catalytic hydrotreating of a heavy hydrocarbon oil and a light hydrocarbon oil in separate reactors, wherein the hydrotreating catalyst is circulated through both reactors. The process is particularly suited to obtaining long catalyst life when operating at low hydrogen pressures.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of distillate hydrocarbons from atmospheric distillation hydrocarbon residue.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for "in-situ" fluoriding of catalyst in a fixed bed wherein an amount of a fluorine is provided which is in excess by at least an average of 10%w of the amount of fluorine absorbed by the catalyst resulting in more efficient, uniform catalyst.