Abstract: Form or pressed bodies, such as briquettes, are made of a mixture including at least two components. A first component is formed by at least one fine grained solid material which does not soften below 800.degree. C. A second component is formed by at least one binding agent that is pyrolytically decomposable. Each of the components has a mean mixing and deformation temperature such that the mean temperature of the first component is above a standard mixing and deforming temperature while the mean temperature of the second component is below the standard temperature. The standard temperature is such that a pyrolysis and degassing performed at the standard temperature does not destroy the binding ability of the second component. The second component constitutes about 15% by weight to about 50% by weight of the total mixture. Further, the second component is at least partly a liquified bituminous material having a mean CCT-value above 20%.

Abstract: Fine-grained substances which do not soften below 800.degree. C., such as oil coke, coking duff, pitch coke and/or fine-grained coal with less than 14% volatile constituents, sand, ores, metal oxides, metals or mixtures of such substances, are introduced in at least two places into a carrier gas stream and are thermally heated to 550-650.degree. C. in the solid discharge of a first cyclone. Then the same carrier gas stream heats coking coal amounting to 18-38% of the intended briquettable product material to 200-400.degree. C. in the solid discharge of a second cyclone. The two solid flows are mixed and treated, producing the briquettable material at 500.+-.50.degree. C. The carrier gas stream is produced by the combustion of liquid and/or gaseous fuels with an excess air factor of 2 or more. Thermally inert, low-ash solid fuels, such as oil coke, pitch coke and/or low-ash, fine-grained, low-volatility coal, amounting to 20-40% of the briquetting material, are initially introduced.

Abstract: According to the instant invention fine and very fine granular zinc- and lead-containing oxidic byproducts are mixed with thermally inert additives and are hot briquetted with caking coal as a binder at a temperature of 490.degree..+-.40.degree. C. using sufficient carbon to reduce all of the metallic components in the byproducts. Then this mixture is briquetted and heated to more than 700.degree. C. and is maintained at this high temperature for a predetermined time to reduce, that is deoxidize, most of the oxidic components of the briquets, especially zinc, lead, and iron oxides. When the byproducts are not dry, which is standard with a wet scrubbing system for cleaning stack gases, the resultant slurry must be dried before it can be treated according to this invention. The carbon according to the invention is added as fine-granular caking coal in portions of at least 20% by weight. Preferably the portion is between 25% and 35% and up to 40%.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing material for hot briquetting by pyrolytic decomposition of bituminous coal in mixture with thermally widely stable substances at a temperature of 450.degree. to 530.degree. C., and to a suitable apparatus for carrying out this method. In a travelling bed reactor, the briquetting material is exposed to the pyrolytic decomposition of the bituminous coal component, and is held in continuous mixing and kneading motion. For this purpose, the briquetting material is moved initially in a rotational mixing and kneading motion predominantly at levels parallel to the plane of the axes of rollers of the briquetting press, during which motion it migrates downwardly by gravity at an average speed of less than 3 centimeters per second, whereupon, at the end of this motion, it is uniformly distributed by a rotational motion over the entire width of the rollers.

Abstract: A method of producing hot briquettes in a plurality of stages comprises heating inert components which do not soften by direct heat exchange with hot carrier gases which are generated in a combustor to a temperature of about from 550.degree. to 700.degree. C. Thereafter the heated inert components and the gases are directed to a first separator to separate the carrier gases from the heated inert components. A caking bituminous binder coal component is then preheated and dried to temperatures of either 60.degree. over or under 300.degree. C. with the separated carrier gas. The binder coal and the separated carrier gas is then directed to a second separator to provide a second separated carrier gas and the heated binder coal. The second heated carrier gas is directed into a third separator in direct heat exchange with a second inert component which is then heated by this to a temperature of from 350.degree. to 600.degree. C.

Abstract: A method of cooling and dedusting degasification gases which escape from coal degasification chambers particularly gases which are obtained in high temperature or low temperature carbonization of bituminous and subbituminous coals and which pass from degasification chambers through risers and bends into collection mains and in the bends or in the collecting mains themselves which comprises directing crude tar having a temperature in excess of 50.degree. C. and lower than 170.degree. C. into the bends and collecting mains either alone or with water added which has a temperature and is of a quantity such that it completely evaporates in the collecting main.

Abstract: A method of cooling and dedusting degasification gases which escape from coal degasification chambers particularly gases which are obtained in high temperature or low temperature carbonization of bituminous and subbituminous coals and which pass from degasification chambers through risers and bends into collection mains and in the bends or in the collecting mains themselves which comprises directing crude tar having a temperature in excess of 50.degree. C. and lower than 170.degree. C. into the bends and collecting mains either alone or with water added which has a temperature and is of a quantity such that it completely evaporates in the collecting main.

Abstract: A method of producing form coke, particularly metallurigical coke for a blast furnace, comprises, mixing at least two fine ground coal components, of which one is a non-caking component containing only little of volatile matter and comprises an oil coke, and the other is a caking bituminous coal, and at temperatures corresponding approximately to the softening point of the caking coal component. The mixture is carbonized and pressed to form a briquetted form coke, and the form coke is subsequently hardened.

Abstract: A method of producing blast furnace coke from bituminous coals, particularly coals having poor coking capacities in which the coal to be carbonized is ground, predried or preheated, mixed with binders, compressed or formed into briquets having small mechanical resistances and charged into oven chambers, is characterized by fine coals or fine coal mixtures having a swelling index in mixture according to DIN 51741, smaller than 7, and preferably, below 6, and comprising more than 50% of poorly or non-baking coal having a content of volatile matter in excess of 30% or less than 20% which coals or coal mixtures are ground up to attain a surface per unit mass, according to DIN 66145, of from 400 cm.sup.2 to 1200 cm.sup.2 per gram, with from 3% to 8% by weight of organic binders, compressing the mixture to form it into a briquet at a temperature range of from 70.degree. C. to 300.degree. C. and charging the compressed briquet into the oven chambers without substantial intermediate cooling in order to carbonize it.

Abstract: A method of producing blast furnace coke from bituminous coals, particularly coals having poor coking capacities in which the coal to be carbonized is ground, predried or preheated, mixed with binders, compressed or formed into briquets having small mechanical resistances and charged into oven chambers, is characterized by fine coals or fine coal mixtures having a swelling index in mixture according to DIN 51741, smaller than 7, and preferably, below 6, and comprising more than 50% of poorly or non-baking coal having a content of volatile matter in excess of 30% or less than 20% which coals or coal mixtures are ground up to attain asurface per unit mass, according to DIN 66145, of from 400 cm.sup.2 to 1200 cm.sup.2 per gram, and with from 3% to 8% by weight of organic binders, compressing the mixture to form it into a briquet at a temperature range of from 70.degree. C. to 300.degree. C.