Abstract: A process for obtaining cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin from lignocellulose can be carried out in an environmentally friendly manner when it comprises the following steps: step a) wherein a lignocellulose from plant biomass is provided, step b) wherein the lignocellulose is brought into contact with a first mixture M1 containing water and an alkaline component, and a first suspension S1 forms, the first suspension S1 comprises a first solid F1 and a first liquid phase P1, wherein the first solid F1 contains a crude cellulose, and the first liquid phase P1 contains hemicellulose and lignin, and step c) wherein the crude-cellulose-containing solid F1 is brought into contact with a second mixture M2 containing formic acid and water and optionally acetic acid, and a second suspension S2 forms, the second suspension S2 comprises a second solid F2 and a second liquid phase P2, wherein the second solid F2 contains a pure cellulose, and the second liquid phase P2 contains hemicellulose and lignin.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polyester based on a polycondensation product of terephthalic acid and/or terephthalic acid derivatives comprising bivalent alcohols. Said polyester is characterised in that (I) between 40 and less than 90 mol. % of ethylene glycol, propane-1,3-diol and/or butane-1,4-diol is combined with (II) between 60 and more than 10 mol. % alkane-1,2-diol, exclusively ethylene glycol, and the polyester has a melting point of between approximately 145 and 250° C. (in accordance with DIN EN ISO 53765). It has a comparatively low melting point, such that it can be retreated at the lower melting temperature. This prevents undesired secondary and decomposition reactions during the retreatment, and enables energy costs to be reduced. The inventive polyester is especially suitable for producing fibres or filaments by melt-spinning, and films, bottles and other moulded parts according to an injection moulding method. The fibres can be treated to form a high-quality nonwoven material.

Abstract: Nanoscale primary particles based on SiO2 or a mixed oxide of SiO2 and other metal oxides, especially Al2O3, are described. These have a mean particle size of 1 to 2000 nm (determined by the method of measuring the particle sizes with the Zetasizer NS apparatus (Nano Series)) as well as a negative charge and can advantageously be used for the hydrophilising coating of textile materials. A hydrophobic outer layer with improved alcohol and oil repellency in comparison to a textile material without a hydrophilic intermediate layer can optionally be formed here on the pretreated hydrophilic material. It is especially advantageous if the nanoscale primary particles are used for these purposes in statu nascendi in the reaction solution.

Abstract: An organic field effect transistor, having a substrate, a source electrode, a drain electrode and a gate electrode and an organic semiconductor material is disclosed. Arranged between the gate electrode and the organic semiconductor material is a dielectric layer (gate dielectric) obtained from a self-assembled monolayer of an organic compound having an anchor group, a linker group, a head group, and an aliphatic orientating group, the anchor group, the linker group, the head group, and the aliphatic orientating group being combined with one another in the order stated.

Abstract: A process for synthesizing long-chain phosphonic acid derivatives and thiol derivative is disclosed. One embodiment provides organic compounds which can form a self-assembled monolayer and are obtained by reaction of an olefin with a thiocarboxylic acid and subsequent hydrogenation to give the thiol, or with a phosphite and subsequent hydrolysis to give the phosphonic acid.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a semiconductor component and a method of manufacture thereof. A semiconductor component comprises: a gate electrode layer adjacent a substrate, and a gate dielectric layer adjacent the gate electrode layer. The gate dielectric layer comprises a monolayer of at least one compound, wherein the compound has an aromatic or a condensed aromatic molecular group. The molecular group is capable of ?-? interactions, which stabilize the monolayer. In an embodiment, the semiconductor component is an organic field effect transistor (OFET). In an embodiment of the invention, a method includes forming the monolayer using a liquid phase immersion process.

Abstract: A capacitor is formed that includes a self-organized monolayer of an organic compound between two electrodes.

Abstract: A capacitor is formed that includes a self-organized monolayer of an organic compound between two electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for producing hydroxynitrile lyases. A process is provided whereby hydroxynitrile lyases may be produced by cultivation in bacteria or suitable host cells. Cells containing a gene encoding for a hydroxynitrile lyase may be precultivated, induced with a low concentration of IPTG, cultured, and lysed. The process allows for the production of relatively large quantities of hydroxynitrile lyases in a dissolved, native, and active form, and without the presence of substantial amounts of inclusion bodies, and thus allowing for the production of the lyases without requiring expensive and time consuming renaturation steps.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a semiconductor component and a method of manufacture thereof. A semiconductor component comprises: a gate electrode layer adjacent a substrate, and a gate dielectric layer adjacent the gate electrode layer. The gate dielectric layer comprises a monolayer of at least one compound, wherein the compound has an aromatic or a condensed aromatic molecular group. The molecular group is capable of ?-? interactions, which stabilize the monolayer. In an embodiment, the semiconductor component is an organic field effect transistor (OFET). In an embodiment of the invention, a method includes forming the monolayer using a liquid phase immersion process.

Abstract: A synthesis method of a compound used to form a self-assembled monolayer used in a semiconductor component is provided. A method includes a first step of replacing a terminal halogen of an ?-haloalk-1-ene with a compound having at least one aromatic group, and a second step of hydrosilylating the reaction product of the first step. Reaction products of the first step include octadec-17-enyloxybenzene, 4-octadec-17?-enyloxy-1,1?-biphenyl, 2-heptadec-16?-enylthiophene, and 2-octadec-17?-enylthiophene. Monolayers provided include 18-phenoxyoctadecyl)trichlorosilane, [18-(1?,1?-biphenyl-4?-yloxy)octadecyl]trichlorosilane, (17-thien-2?-ylheptadecyl)trichlorosilane, (18-thien-2?-yloctadecyl)trichlorosilane, and 4-(18?-trichlorosilyloctadecyloxy)benzonitrile. An organic field effect transistor having monolayers according to embodiments of the invention is provided.

Abstract: A capacitor is formed that includes a self-organized monolayer of an organic compound between two electrodes.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for coating a metallic or semimetallic surface in which coating molecules containing reactive groups are bound covalently to the surface by irradiation with light and it also concerns a structured coated surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing optically active cyanohydrins of the formula (II), by reacting an aldehyde of the formula (I) with HCN in a water-immiscible organic solvent in the presence of water, in the absence or presence of a buffer, in the presence of a (R)-hydroxynitrile lyase, where X, Y and Z in formula (II) have the same meaning as in formula (I), independently of each other are identical or different and are H, F, Cl, Br, I, OH, O(C1-C4-alkyl), OCOCH3, NHCOCH3, NO2 or C1-C4-alkyl.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for producing hydroxynitrile lyases.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for coating a metallic or semimetallic surface in which coating molecules containing reactive groups are bound covalently to the surface by irradiation with light and it also concerns a structured coated surface.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for coating a metallic or semimetallic surface in which coating molecules containing reactive groups are bound covalently to the surface by irradiation with light and it also concerns a structured coated surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the stereoselective preparation of cyclohexylcyanohydrins by reaction of 4-substituted cyclohexanones with a cyanide source in the presence of an oxynitrilase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing optically active cyanohydrins of the formula (II), 1

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing an (R)-hydroxynitrile lyase extract by extracting an (R)-hydroxynitrile lyase-containing natural product with water in the absence or presence of a buffer at a pH of 3.3 to 5.5.