Abstract: High-temperature protection layer of an alloy with a base of aluminum, chromium and nickel, particularly for structural gas-turbine elements of an austenitic material. The base material of the alloy contains at least 8 to 12 atom % aluminum and 28 to 28 atom % chromium with the remainder nickel, and at least silicon and titanium are admixed to the base material as additives such that at a temperature below 900.degree. C., a passive cover layer of chromium oxide, and at a temperature above 900.degree. C., a passive cover layer of aluminum oxide is developed on the applied alloy.

Abstract: Electrochemical storage cell, particularly of the alkali metal and sulfur type having at least one storage cell with insulation around the cell to minimize heat loss, and an interspace between the cell and the insulation. A heat exchanger in the form of a closed hollow body is partially filled with a vaporizable medium. The heat exchanger has two heat exchange zones in open communication. A first heat exchange zone is disposed in the interspace for preventing overheating of the cell by vaporization of the cell contained therein. The second heat exchange zone is disposed adjacent means for absorbing heat to condense vapors of medium which flow from the first heat exchange zone to the second heat exchange zone.

Abstract: A gas-tight, high-frequency permeable window arrangement is provided between the input and output sides of a coaxial line, particularly for traveling wave tubes. The dielectric losses, particularly given high-performance tubes, are held so low that too high a thermal load and, thus, a fracture or, respectively, loss of seal of the window arrangement is avoided. For this purpose, a ceramic hollow cylinder is provided between the coaxial line of the input side and the coaxial line of the output side, the ceramic hollow cylinders surrounding the inner conductor of the coaxial line of the input side in the area of its transition to the coaxial line of the output side as a continuation of the outer conductor of the coaxial line of the input side.

Abstract: An arrangement for suppressing interference waves and harmonic waves in traveling wave tubes has a short circuit slide in an output wave guide in which the slide has a groove in the form of a .lambda./4 or .lambda./2 wave guide element in its frontal surface which is the effective short circuit plane. The groove has an attenuation element arranged therein.

Abstract: A gas-tight, high-frequency permeable window arrangement in a coaxial line, particularly for traveling wave tubes, has a large pass band width as well as being mechanically and thermally stable. For this purpose, a hollow cylinder of dielectric material is provided between the coaxial line on the input side and the coaxial line on the output side, the hollow cylinder surrounding the inner conductor of the coaxial line on the input side and being connected with its one end face to the outer conductor of the coaxial line on the input side and being connected with its other end face to a flange which is arranged between the inner conductors of the coaxial lines of the input and output sides. A window arrangement constructed in accordance with the present invention is particularly suitable for employment in radio link traveling wave tubes.

Abstract: A traveling wave tube has a helix or ring-bridge delay line arranged within a vacuum envelope and a plurality of dielectric holding rods parallel to each other for supporting the delay line. The vacuum envelope has an axial longitudinal groove intermediate between two holding rods, and a pressure element located within the groove presses, by way of a tension plate, the holding rods against receiving surfaces provided in the interior of the vacuum envelope, whereby the holding rods are in good mechanical and heat-conducting relationship with the envelope.

Abstract: Electrochemical storage battery normally operating at an elevated temperature, surrounded by heat insulation to retard heat loss. The surrounding heat insulation is an enclosed gastight cavity under subatmospheric pressure to impede heat flow by convection, and a radiation shield in the interior of the cavity in the path of heat flow to reduce heat loss by radiation.

Abstract: A delay line for transit time amplifier tubes which has a filter characteristic with a negative dispersion in the fundamental wave of the longest pass band, i.e.

Abstract: A travelling-wave tube with improved heat dissipation characteristics, having a helical delay line disposed between an electron-beam generating system and an electron-beam receiver, with the helical delay line being supported by a plurality of retaining members, at least one of which is made out of a material different from the remaining members, the latter being made out of quartz and the first mentioned member being made of a material that has a better heat conducting capacity than the quartz rods, at least in radial direction, and has a dielectric constant that does not differ sufficiently from that of quartz to materially effect the gain of the tube or dispersion curve of the signal wave.

Abstract: A cultivating machine (FIG. 1) having a frame (1) for mounting of the machine on a tractor, and having arms (34) on which angle drives (6) for the cultivating tools (26) are mounted, resiliently joined thereto by way of arms (29) and connectors (33, 35, 36). A transverse shaft (7), by way of bevel gears, drives the tool holders (24) for rotation of the tools (26). The transverse shaft directly drives output shafts to which the tool holders are connected.

Abstract: A delay line for traveling wave tubes, in particular for the amplification of mm waves, has a wave guide which is provided with outward-leading transverse walls each of which has a central electron beam opening and at least one coupling opening and which form a line cell with the adjacent transverse wall. The delay line contains two portions having a different constant delay for the line wave, where the delay of the front line portion, considered in the direction of the electron beam, is lower than the delay of the rear line portion. A transition section is arranged between these two portions for matching and comprises a single matching cell in which at least one of the two transverse walls of the matching cell carries at least one matching pin which projects into the interior of the cell.

Abstract: A delay line for travelling-wave tubes, comprising a hollow guide with successive transversely disposed discs having elongated attenuation members which project into the interior of the hollow wave guide, with the longitudinal axes of such attenuation members extending at least approximately parallel to the longitudinal axis of the delay line and mechanically firmly supported in recesses in the transverse discs. The attenuation members are retained by a press or force fit with the transverse discs, and may be provided in the portion thereof surrounded by the associated transverse disc with at least one notch which extends transversely to the longitudinal axes of the members and which is at least partially filled with the ductile material of such associated transverse disc.

Abstract: A delay line for traveling-wave tubes, particularly a wideband low-reflection attenuated line for millimeter waves, in the form of a hollow guide having successive transverse walls which define successive line cells, each of such walls having a central opening for the passage of the electron beam and at least one coupling opening, elongated attentuating members being disposed in the respective cells with their longitudinal axes extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the delay line. The attenuating members are of like effective length and the matching cell lying immediately ahead of and/or behind the attenuating section of the tube contains, in each case, at least one matching member.

Abstract: A traveling wave tube has a helical delay line which is supported by a plurality of dielectric support rods extending along the delay line. The delay line and support rods are housed within a metallic sleeve which has an enlarged diameter in the area of each end of the delay line. In this area at each end of the delay line a respective coupling conductor is connected to the delay line for supplying and discharging HF energy. In order to achieve a low reflection transition between the surge impedance of the delay line and that of the coupling conductor, in the region of at least one of the two ends of the delay line, a metallic matching component is provided which is peferably spot welded to a surface formed at the diameter enlargement, the matching component including an arm which is spot welded to that surface and projections extending from the arm radially inwardly between adjacent support rods and in close proximity to the delay line.

Abstract: A broad-band, low-reflection energy coupling or decoupling with a coupled cavity line in a traveling wave tube, particularly high-efficiency traveling field tubes, in which a rectangular hollow conductor is not loaded, and has the opposed walls thereof, of minimum spacing and greatest width, tapering in a direction toward the delay line, with the spacing between such walls at the delay line being approximately that between adjacent transverse walls defining respective cells of the delay line, an inductive shield being provided within the hollow conductor and spaced from the line axis, the coupling opening at the hollow conductor having an open angle larger than the corresponding angle of the coupling openings in the transverse walls of adjacent line cells.

Abstract: Selectively damped travelling wave tubes having particularly periodically alternating magnetic field for guiding the electron beam comprise a delay line consisting of cells which are separated from each other by partitions and which are positioned one behind the other in the direction of beam travel. At least one resonator chamber is provided with damping material and coupled to at least one of the cells, the resonant frequency of the resonator chamber being at least almost equivalent to a predetermined interference frequency and each of the chamber resonators formed by a recess in a partition and its resonant frequency having the most energetic oscillation corresponding at least approximately to the frequency of an interference mode which is above the operational frequency band.

Abstract: A vacuum-tight window arrangement includes a hollow cylindrical housing having an aperture in each end which constricts the width of a waveguide between the apertures. The waveguide carries a transversely mounted dielectric window. A combination of proportioning rules based on waveguide width, aperture width, aperture thickness, window-to-aperture distance and wavelength of the center frequency provide a window arrangement which is stable with respect to interfering modes over a large frequency range at high operating efficiency and very short wavelengths.