Abstract: A device and method for treating the surface of a semiconductor wafer provides a treatment fluid in the form of a dispersion of gas bubbles in a treatment liquid generated at acoustic pressures less than those required to induce cavitation in the treatment liquid. A resonator supplies ultrasonic or megasonic energy to the treatment fluid and is configured to create an interference pattern in the treatment fluid comprising regions of pressure amplitude minima and maxima at an interface of the treatment fluid and the semiconductor wafer.

Abstract: A device and method for treating the surface of a semiconductor wafer provides a treatment fluid in the form of a dispersion of gas bubbles in a treatment liquid generated at acoustic pressures less than those required to induce cavitation in the treatment liquid. A resonator supplies ultrasonic or megasonic energy to the treatment fluid and is configured to create an interference pattern in the treatment fluid comprising regions of pressure amplitude minima and maxima at an interface of the treatment fluid and the semiconductor wafer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for applying interference pigments to a substrate, comprising the steps: a) provision of a substrate and b) application of a preparation to at least one side of the substrate, where the preparation contains at least one surfactant and at least one interference pigment, the interference pigment having a carrier material and at least one coat applied to the carrier material, and a substrate obtainable by the abovementioned method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of nonuniformly intensely colored paper with improved printing or lettering features, and paper produced by this process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an ultrasound actuator for cleaning objects, having a propagation volume (3,4,13) for ultrasound, on which one or more ultrasonic transducers (5) are arranged. The propagation volume (3,4,13) is delimited by an acoustic coupling-out window (8) with a coupling face for acoustically coupling an object (1,12) to be cleaned and by one or more reflection faces (6,7) for coupled-in ultrasound. The ultrasonic transducers (5) are arranged on the propagation volume (3,4,13) such that the coupled-in ultrasound exits the propagation volume (3,4,13) via the coupling-out window (8) only after one or more reflections at the reflection faces (6,7). The reflection faces are designed such that a predeterminable distribution of the ultrasound energy without intensity peaks results at the coupling-out window (8). The present ultrasound actuator is used to achieve gentle cleaning of the objects with economic use of cleaning liquid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a paper which contains a paper substrate and a preparation applied to at least one side of the paper substrate over the entire surface. The preparation contains at least one surfactant and at least one pigment having a particle diameter of from 1 to 500 nm, and a binder in a ratio to the pigment of not more than 5 parts by weight of binder: 100 parts by weight of pigment (based in each case on the solids content). In present invention is also related to the process of production of the paper.

Abstract: A transdermal therapeutic system in patch form for the controlled delivery of active substances to the human or animal skin comprises a backing layer, an active substance-containing reservoir attached thereto and a detachable protective layer, is characterized in that the active substance-containing reservoir contains as main components thereof at least one film former as well as at least one polymer which prevents or suppresses the crystallisation of the active substance or active substances.

Abstract: The invention relates to a flat and activable drying device for reducing the moisture content of a gas space surrounding said device and to a method for producing a device of this type. The inventive drying device contains a flat matrix with at least one regenerable drying agent.

Abstract: A printable recording material and the method of using the same. The material includes a substrate and at least one functional coating on at least one side of the substrate insuring printability. The coating includes a binder and inorganic pigments in an amount of at least 50% by weight based on the dry weight of the coating. An image can be embedded in the coating.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of nonuniformly intensely colored paper, and paper produced by this process. The process comprises: (a) application of at least one surfactant or a mixture of surfactants in the forms of a latent image or pattern to paper, (b) coloring of the paper by means of a dye solution and (c) drying of the colored paper.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a printable recording material comprising a substrate and at least one functional coating on at least one side of the substrate insuring printability comprising a binder and inorganic pigments in an amount of at least 50% by weight based on the dry weight of the coating, whereby an image is embedded in the coating and to a method for making same.

Abstract: Metallized paper whose metal layer has been deposited by evaporation in vacuo onto a cast-coated paper. The cast coating contains mineral pigments, latex binders and conventional additives, and at least 5 parts by weight of the pigment are a synthetic polymer pigment. The coating material has a pH value >7 and during the process of fabricating the metallized paper it is deposited in such an amount that, after the drying, 10-30 g/m.sup.2 of cast coating are present. The coating material deposited onto a paper web is dried until its moisture content is 5-15% and the web is then pressed with the coated paper surface against a drum with a highly polished surface at a temperature of 100.degree.-160.degree. C. by means of a roll with a nip >1000 N/cm.