Abstract: A device is provided for receiving a transmission signal and for transmitting an optical beam having an adjustable intensity, wherein the optical beam effects the transmission signal. A transmitter for transmitting the beam has a controller for setting the intensity. A receiver for receiving the transmission signal has an analyzer for outputting a threshold signal if the strength of the transmission signal exceeds a predetermined limit value. A pick-up outputs a start signal for starting the transmission signal. A control unit is connected to the analyzer, the pick-up and the controller. After reception of the start signal from the pick-up, the control unit sets the intensity at the controller to a value which rises continuously from essentially zero until the analyzer outputs the threshold signal, and then leaves the controller unchanged until reception of a new start signal.

Abstract: A shunt connected superconducting energy management system (SEMS) is provided at a single switched connection between a utility grid and one or more power sensitive loads such as a semiconductor manufacturing plant having power requirements in the range on the order of 2 megawatts (MW) to 200 MW. When a voltage disturbance is sensed in the grid, power control circuitry acts to simultaneously isolate the load and the SEMS from the grid using a single switch which simultaneously provides full back up power to the load instantaneously without voltage transients or disturbances.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for relieving a capacitor of a controlled series compensator as a function of the load on its arrester when high-current line faults occur. The current flowing through the arrester is used to determine its absorbed energy, from which a temperature gradient is then determined as an indicator of a sudden load on the arrester and compared with a limit value. This comparison value is processed, as a function of the determined actual arrester temperature and the measured line current, to yield a control signal. The power converter valve of the controlled series compensator is triggered in response to this control signal in such a way that its equivalent impedance is switched from capacitative to inductive. The number of disconnections required as a result of high-current line faults is thereby considerably reduced, thus greatly increasing availability of the system.