Abstract: In a microwave resonator for continuous spectroscopic gas analysis with a microwave cavity having dimensions depending on the operating frequency and a setting for a low quality Q of its base mode and microwave reflectors disposed at its opposite ends and including a round hollow conductor part and a co-axial conductor part separated by a pressure-tight dielectric window, an internal conductor part is axially movably supported in the coaxial conductor part by the microwave reflector at one end of the co-axial conductor part, the other reflector being axially movable for tuning the resonator to a maximal absorption frequency and a by-pass line extends past the co-axial conductor part in the area of the dielectric window and has a short branch connected to the co-axial conductor part and including a restrictor for supplying only a relatively small flow of gas from the bypass line to the conductor part of the microwave resonator.

Abstract: A mechanism for operating a needle board in a needling machine comprises two reciprocable rods which serve to operate the board and each of which, together with the associated eccentric drive, is mounted in a bearing housing. To permit an adaptation of the rod spacing to a desired board length, the two bearing housings are rigidly interconnected by at least one spacer to form a flexurally stiff structure.

Abstract: It is desired to use different needle pitches in the operation of an apparatus for needling a web without a need for replacing the needle board, the stripper and the optionally perforate backing. This is accomplished in that the holes provided in the needle board and serving to receive the needles, the holes of the perforate stripping plate and the holes in an optional perforate backing plate are arranged in at least two groups of holes and the holes in each row of each group are uniformly distributed over the working width of the apparatus.

Abstract: Use of fine-particled biocidal aqueous cationic dispersions of polymers as biocidal treatment agents for substrates at risk from microbes, preferably for fungicidal, bactericidal and/or algicidal treatments. The dispersions of polymers used are biocidal cationic dispersions of polymers which can be obtained from suitable monomers by emulsion polymerization and which contain biocidal cationically surfactant quaternary organic ammonium compounds, preferably tetra-substituted ammonium compounds of the formula (I) and/or alkyl- or alkenylpyridinium compounds of the formula (II), in particular in an amount of 0.1 to 20% by weight, based on the disperse polymer. The average particle diameter of the polymer particles in the biocidal cationic dispersions of polymers is preferably 0.02 to 0.5 .mu.m at a cationic activity of 1.5 to 600 .mu.mol per g of solid, measured at pH 7, and the solids content of the dispersions is preferably 3 to 40% by weight.

Abstract: A feeder for supplying fibers to an apparatus for forming a preliminary web having a holding shaft, to be supplied with fibers from above through a conveying line, and a distributor, which is disposed between the holding shaft and the conveyor line and serves to distribute the arriving stream of fibers over the width of the shaft. In order to ensure an undisturbed distribution of fibers, the distributor has at least two distributing lines, which open into the holding shaft and are connected to the conveying line in alternation by a change-over valve.

Abstract: A biocidal preservative for cellulose-containing products containing a biocidally effective amount of a polymeric quaternary ammonium borate obtained by simultaneous reaction of (A) at least one member of the group consisting of boric acid and salts and esters thereof and (B) an amine of the formula ##STR1## and (C) ethylene oxide or propylene oxide wherein R.sub.1 is alkyl or alkenyl of 8 to 22 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 22 carbon atoms or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 NH.sub.2 or R.sub.1 is alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 is --(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.x --H or --(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.x --H, R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, --(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.x --H, (CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.x --H and --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 NH.sub.2, R.sub.4 and R.sub.6 are individually selected from the group consisting of alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, --(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.x --H and --(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.x --H, and R.sub.5 and R.

Abstract: Two closely spaced apart, perforated suction drums are provided, which have parallel axes and confronting peripheral surface portions defining between them a region which is triangular in cross-section and adapted to receive fibers flying through a flight region which precedes said triangular region in a direction that is transverse to said axes. Suction means are operable to provide a suction zone in each of said confronting peripheral surface portions. Said drums are operable to rotate in the same sense so that fibers received in said triangular region and attracted to said suction zones by the operation of said suction means are twisted together by said drums to form a yarn. Yarn-withdrawing means are operable to withdraw said yarn from said triangular region toward one end thereof while holding said yarn against rotation. A throwing member is operable to move in said flight region toward said one end thereof in a plane which is transverse to said direction.

Abstract: A composite yarn is spun in a tapering gap between two suction drums which define suction zones adjoining the gap and facing each other. A yarn core is supplied to the gap between the facing suction zones from a bobbin at one end of the gap and flying fibers are supplied into the gap between the facing suction zones. Yarn drawoff rolls at the opposite end of the gap withdraw spun yarn while holding it against rotation, the flying fibers being twisted and wound around the yarn core in the gap between the facing suction zones to be spun into the composite yarn when the drums are rotated in the same sense.

Abstract: Two juxtaposed drums are arranged to rotate in the same sense and are closely spaced apart to define between them a throat and two gaps tapering towards the throat on opposite sides thereof. The drums are operable to engage flying fibers entering one of the gaps and to twist the fibers together so as to form a twisted yarn. Draw-off rolls are provided for withdrawing the twisted yarn from the throat in the longitudinal directon thereof. A suction duct extends into the other gap and has an inlet slot which extends along the throat.

Abstract: Peracylated aliphatic polyamines are useful as activators for inorganic peroxo compounds, i.e., they set free the available oxygen of the peroxo compounds in aqueous solutions at temperatures below 80.degree.C and are thus useful as additives to detergents especially inasmuch as they are compatible with usual detergent brighteners.