Abstract: Divided flywheel arrangements having a spring arrangement, and preferably also a slip clutch arrangement, accommodated in a lubricant bath, which is formed by an annular space limited radially outwards only by parts which are stationary relative to one another. Centrifugal forces acting on the lubricant cannot therefore force the lubricant against seals between mutually movable parts. Certain disclosed arrangements do not accommodate these parts in a lubricant bath.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a supercharger for supplying charge air and a charge air cooler, which is arranged near the front end of the engine and is adapted to be supplied with charge air. The charge air line extends through the charge air cooler to the air receiver and is connected by a directional valve to a branch line, which bypasses the charge air cooler. In order to achieve a space-saving and compact design, the supercharger and the directional valve are disposed near the rear end of the engine and the air receiver, which in itself constitutes the branch line, is connected at that end which is opposite to the charge air line via a tubular port or the like directly to the directional valve.

Abstract: The fragmentation jacket of a projectile or shell should be prefragmentized in the simplest possible manner by means of reference fracture locations provided at the inner side or interior surface of the fragmentation jacket. For this purpose, the reference fracture locations are impressed into a disk, for example, by stamping. Subsequently, the thus formed disk is shaped by deep drawing to form a fragmentation jacket such that the reference fracture locations formed by grooves are located at the inner side or interior surface of a cup-shaped fragmentation jacket. This cup-shaped fragmentation jacket is filled with an explosive charge which is detonated by a base fuze or by a tip or point fuze.

Abstract: Divided flywheel arrangements are disclosed with a spring arrangement, and preferably also a slip clutch arrangement, accommodated in a lubricant bath, which is formed by an annular space limited radially outwards only by parts which are stationary relative to one another. Centrifugal forces acting on the lubricant cannot therefore force the lubricant against seals between mutually movable parts. Certain disclosed arrangements do not accommodate these parts in a lubricant bath.

Abstract: The flywheel elements are connected to one another in drive terms via a spring mounting, an abutment of which is movable relative to the associated flywheel element against the resistance of a second spring mounting and a non-positive coupling arranged parallel to the second spring mounting. Furthermore, a second non-positive coupling, subject to play, is connected between the flywheel elements and is limited resiliently in at least one direction.

Abstract: Apparatus for collecting soot from soot-laden exhaust gases flowing in an exhaust gas line of an air-compressing compression ignition engine comprises a housing adapted to be incorporated in said exhaust gas line and to be flown through by said soot-laden exhaust gases; baffle walls contained in said housing and arranged to repeatedly deflect the exhaust gases flowing through said housing and to cause soot to be separated from said exhaust gases and to deposit at least in part on said baffle walls; and an accumulating container disposed under said baffle walls and arranged to receive soot which has been separated from said exhaust gases at said baffle walls. Said apparatus is designed to permit soot deposited on at least part of baffle walls to be removed therefrom and to fall into said accumulating container. Said container is designed to permit soot accumulated in said container to be removed from said apparatus.

Abstract: A clutch operating cylinder for a pressure-medium operated clutch which is arranged in the power train of a vehicle, is operable either by the clutch pedal or via a electronically controlled system, for example an anti-slip regulating system, has a housing divided into two chambers. In these chambers there are, apart from the release piston, two further pistons and a spring having a clutch characteristic, such that the electronic control is never able to clutch further than is specified by the clutch pedal, the clutch pedal bites when it is operated subsequent to electronically controlled engagement, and it is possible to use both the clutch pedal and the electronic control to declutch further when the clutch has only been partially declutched.

Abstract: A split flywheel for reducing the transmission of vibrations from the engine to the drive shaft at certain frequencies of the flywheel is provided. Included are two flywheel elements drivingly connected to one another wherein one of which is connected or can be connected in a driven manner to the engine and the other of which is connected or can be connected in a driven manner to the drive line. The resonant frequency of the split flywheel unit is well below the frequency of engine vibrations which occur during normal traveling, so that only slight amplitudes of vibration occur between the flywheel elements during normal travel operation. However, during start-up of the engine, the resonant frequency of the flywheel is passed through. The drive connection between the elements a slip clutch having a greater friction contact than the maximum torque of the engine, placed in series with a spring mounting and positioned between the two flywheel elements.

Abstract: An apparatus for reducing the transmission of vibrations from an engine to a transmission line having a divided flywheel with first and second flywheel elements is provided by the in which the two flywheels are connected to the engine and transmission line, and are respectively connected by a spring mounting and at least two frictional clutches positioned between the two flywheels. The second frictional clutch has frictional contact smaller than the maximum torque of the engine and relative movements between the flywheel elements are effectively damped when the forces acting between the flywheel elements in these relative movements are weaker than the maximum engine torque, but stronger than a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: An air-compressing reciprocating piston-equipped internal combustion engine comprises, in the frontal face of a piston head, a rotation-symmetrical cavity as a combustion chamber, a fuel-feeding unit generating a rotary motion of the air charge entering the cavity, and a fuel injection unit. The fuel injection unit is provided with an injection nozzle for injecting fuel directly into the cavity constituting the combustion chamber. In order to achieve a higher degree of efficiency, a decrease of the emission of polluting gases and of noise, as well as a relief of the mechanically highly stressed parts of the engine, the rotary motion of the air charge generated by the fuel-feeding unit is given a swirl number of about 1.5 to 2.5. Furthermore, the diameter (d) of the combustion chamber-constituting cavity is between about 55 to 75% of the diameter (D) of the cylinder, and finally, the fuel injection nozzle has at least four orifices.

Abstract: An air-compressing reciprocating piston-equipped internal combustion engine comprises, in a piston head of the piston, a cavity being axially symmetrical about a central cavity axis and constituting a combustion chamber, as well as a fuel injection nozzle for injecting fuel directly into the said cavity. The nozzle has a longitudinal nozzle axis which encloses with the central cavity axis an acute angle. In order to generate a rotary motion of an air charge fed into the said cavity, there is provided a correspondingly designed air-feeding unit.

Abstract: A divided flywheel for reducing vibrations transmitted from an engine to a power transmission line has an input and output part connected, respectively, to the engine and the transmission line. The input and output parts are coupled by coupling spring arrangement which allows for a degree of relative rotation of the parts. A plurality of attenuators (e.g., stop springs, friction linings, etc.) are arranged to take effect following selected predetermined angular displacements of the input and output parts. A preferred arrangement includes a connecting part, which is frictionally attached to one of the input and output parts and which engages the other of the parts following relative rotation by a first predetermined angular displacement, and a stop spring arrangement which is engaged following relative displacement of the parts by a second predetermined angular displacement.

Abstract: When cartridges are introduced into a weapon there exists the danger that the conical shoulder of the cartridge case or sleeve will be deformed to an undesired degree. To avoid such disadvantage the wall of the conical shoulder is constructed to be thicker than the wall of the case or sleeve body of the cartridge case. For producing such a cartridge case an extruding mandrel is used which contains a recess at the region of the conical shoulder in order to generate a region of increased wall thickness in the wall of the cartridge case or sleeve.

Abstract: A dummy cartridge or ammunition is disclosed comprising a cartridge case containing a case floor portion, a substantially cylindrical case wall, a substantially conical shoulder portion and a mouth portion. A dummy body member or projectile is inserted into the cartridge case and bears against the case floor portion. Means serve for securing one end of the dummy body member to the floor portion of the cartridge case, whereas a further portion of the dummy body member is attached to the mouth portion of said cartridge case. The dummy body member possesses a substantially cylindrical hollow compartment having a forward portion. An adjustable trim body is inserted into the forward portion of the hollow compartment, in order to place the center of gravity of the dummy cartridge at a predetermined desired position.

Abstract: This invention relates to an internal combustion engine, particularly to a diesel engine. The engine comprises a crankshaft, which is connected to each of a plurality of pistons by a connecting rod and a piston pin. Each connecting rod has two bearings for the piston pin and a crankpin of the crankshaft, respectively. In order to provide a desired piston clearance between the piston at its top dead center and the bottom of the cylinder head, at least one of the bearings of the connecting rod is provided with an eccentric ring disposed between the receiving bore and the bearing bushing. During the assembling of the engine, the eccentric ring is rotated to such a position that the desired piston clearance is obtained. The bearing ring is then fixed in the resulting rotational position.

Abstract: Internal combustion engines utilizing conventional carburetors have auxiliary devices such as a choke and accelerator pump which cause over-rich mixture and consequently affect the fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions adversely. The present invention improves the performance of such engines whilst retaining the advantages of conventional carburetors.The invention provides a spark ignition carburetor equipped engine with an electromagnetic injection valve disposed in the induction manifold for the supply of additional fuel when required. Actuation means for the electromagnetic injection valve are preferably electronic devices which comprise a pulse generator and measured valve transmitter (sensors) for each of the engine operating parameters relevant to the injection of additional fuel, thus the timing and duration of opening of the injection valve is controlled precisely.