Abstract: In process for the separation of liquids from suspensions by means of at least one filter layer, on one side of which a suspension is fed and solids accumulate, and on the other side of which separated liquid is carried away, there is given an improved clearing of the feed side filter surface (ZFF) and thus a lengthened operation time until maintenance of the filter layer, through a flow movement (P.sub.1, P.sub.2) in the suspension chamber (SPR) with movement components oscillating in the normal direction in relation to the filter surface (ZFF), preferably through a suspension flow oscillating between filter surfaces (ZFF) lying opposite each other. An apparatus for the separation of liquids from suspensions makes possible such an improved operation through the suspension-drive device (AV.sub.1) with a plurality of surface elements (FE.sub.1, FE.sub.2) in the direction of movement and which can be flowed around transversely thereto (FIG. 5).

Abstract: Apparatus for using exhaust heat from burning refuse is described wherein a heat exchanger constructed as a self-supporting unit is mounted, inside an enclosure, directly on the combustion chamber. The heat exchanger consists of at least two co-axial, vertical, cylindrical, single-layer packs of helical tubes with their convolutions in close contact with one another and located so that they lie nearly perpendicular to the direction of flow of the smoke and gases of combustion. One or each of the packs consists of a plurality of tubes with the convolutions of the respective tubes arranged in repeated series along the length of the pack. The packs of helical tubes may be connected in series or in parallel for heating water. Alternatively, they may be divided individually into sections for any one of a number of alternative boiler configurations in which the sections can provide preheaters, evaporators and superheaters.