Abstract: The invention relates to a device for speed measurement with two sensors arranged at a predetermined distance from each other in a direction of movement of an object and arranged at a distance from the surface of the object, which emit signals to an evaluation device with two input channels, the evaluation device being a delay correlator which digitizes the signals occurring at its input channels and forms a closed control loop for determining the time shift of the signals emitted by the sensors, the control loop having a phase detector for a comparison of the time shift of input signals, a controller and an adjusting circuit for the controlled variable or parameter to be controlled by the controller, the delay correlator having a shift register of a constant length and variable clock frequency, wherein a phase comparison of the instantaneous values of the digitized signals of the two sensors, one of which is delayed by the controller, can be performed by the phase detector, the clock frequency of the shift r

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for drying sludge, in particular sewage sludge, or moist bulk material, wherein the material to be dried is heated by supplying energy by means of an electromagnetic alternating field generated between electrodes in a sealed pressurized vessel at an overpressure and the material moisture evaporated by the heating is used as heat transfer medium for heating the material to be dried in a step which is separate from the heating in the electromagnetic alternating field. In this process, the material to be dried is received with electrically insulated contiguous contact with the electrodes located in the pressurized vessel at least for a dwell time which is necessary for the heating and is then subjected to a flash drying.

Abstract: A method of autoclaving porous piece-goods, by steam under pressure, wherein the autoclaving operation includes sequential phases of heating with steam, holding, and then relaxing the pressure and temperature, wherein the holding phase includes a drying process. In order to obtain as dry a product as possible with the smallest possible energy input, it is provided that a drying process is carried out within the holding phase in which the autoclave is heated more than to compensate for heat losses and to a temperature above the temperature of vaporization of the water so that the material is dried by controlled discharge of steam from the interior of the autoclave. The steam discharged from one or more autoclaves during the drying process is used to heat up at least partially an autoclave to be heated.

Abstract: An autoclave for treating charged materials (6) with vapor under pressure, with a substantially cylindrical inner chamber (2) surrounded by an autoclave casing (1) and with a heating device (8) responsive to a heated heat transfer medium to generate vapor in the inner chamber (2). In order to provide the heating in a way which is favorable structurally and in terms of energy, it is provided that the heating device (8) is arranged within one of the curved side regions of the autoclave casing (1), and consists of at least one flue (10) arranged substantially vertically in the autoclave and a heat exchanger (11) arranged in the lower inflow region of the flue (10) and through which flows a heat transfer medium, so that a convection flow results circulating substantially in the circumferential direction of the casing (1) of the autoclave.