Abstract: Laser amplifier apparatus 100 includes gain medium 10 for receiving seed pulse(s) 2 and pump pulse(s) 3 and for emitting laser pulse(s) 1, resonator device 20 including gain medium and resonator mirrors spanning resonator beam path 25 with multi-pass geometry, coupler arrangement 30 for coupling seed pulse(s) and pump pulse(s) to resonator device and coupling output laser pulse(s) out of resonator device, and gain medium cooling device 40A. Resonator mirrors include first and second telescope mirrors 21, 22 with mutual distance and common focal section therebetween and defining optical axis z of resonator device, and first and second groups of end mirrors 23, 24 between mirrors 21 and 22 for forming path 25, wherein end mirrors are on ring-shaped section surrounding optical axis z, and resonator are arranged such that emitting sections of the gain medium are imaged in themselves. A method of amplifying laser pulses is also described.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for controlling a pulse repetition rate of pulsed laser beam 1 created by pulsed laser oscillator 100, includes generating beam 1 by oscillator 100, splitting beam 1 into first pulsed split beam 1a and second pulsed split beam 1b, time-delaying split beam 1a relative to split beam 1b by optical delay device 220, generating timing baseband signal Sc including a timing jitter of the pulse repetition rate based on split beam 1a and second split beam 1b by timing detector device 230, generating feedback signal Sf based on timing baseband signal Sc, and applying feedback signal Sf on oscillator 100 and controlling the pulse repetition rate of beam 1 based on the feedback signal Sf. Furthermore, repetition rate control apparatus 200 for controlling a pulse repetition rate of pulsed laser oscillator 100 and pulsed laser oscillator 100, comprising repetition rate control apparatus 200 are described.

Abstract: Accelerator apparatus (100) for accelerating charged particles (2) with pulsed radiation includes horn-shaped coupling device (10) with at least one horn coupler (11, 15) having input aperture (12), electrically conductive walls (13) and output aperture (14), wherein pulsed radiation is received at input aperture and focused towards output aperture, and waveguide device (20) coupled with the output aperture and configured for receiving focused pulsed radiation. Waveguide device includes injection section (21) for providing charged particles and subjecting them to acceleration by pulsed radiation in injection section, and lateral output port (23) for releasing accelerated charged particles along particle acceleration direction. The at least one horn coupler receives linearly polarized single cycle pulses (1) including broadband frequency spectrum shaped as a linearly polarized plane wave and focuses linearly polarized single cycle pulses. Waveguide device has non-resonant broadband transmission characteristic.

Abstract: Parametric optical waveform synthesizer (100) creating optical waveforms (4) includes: pump source device (10); seed source device (20); optical parametric amplifier device (30) having master channel (30A) with at least one optical parametric amplifier unit (31A, 32A), and having at least one slave channel (30B, 30C), with at least one optical parametric amplifier unit (31B, 32B, 31C, 32C); beam combiner device (40), detector devices (50), and control system (60), which is configured for orthogonal control of seed source device (20) and optical parametric amplifier device (30).

Abstract: Parametric optical waveform synthesizer (100) creating optical waveforms (4) includes: pump source device (10); seed source device (20); optical parametric amplifier device (30) having master channel (30A) with at least one optical parametric amplifier unit (31A, 32A), and having at least one slave channel (30B, 30C), with at least one optical parametric amplifier unit (31B, 32B, 31C, 32C); beam combiner device (40), detector devices (50), and control system (60), which is configured for orthogonal control of seed source device (20) and optical parametric amplifier device (30).

Abstract: Accelerator apparatus (100) for accelerating charged particles (2) with pulsed radiation includes horn-shaped coupling device (10) with at least one horn coupler (11, 15) having input aperture (12), electrically conductive walls (13) and output aperture (14), wherein pulsed radiation is received at input aperture and focused towards output aperture, and waveguide device (20) coupled with the output aperture and configured for receiving focused pulsed radiation. Waveguide device includes injection section (21) for providing charged particles and subjecting them to acceleration by pulsed radiation in injection section, and lateral output port (23) for releasing accelerated charged particles along particle acceleration direction. The at least one horn coupler receives linearly polarized single cycle pulses (1) including broadband frequency spectrum shaped as a linearly polarized plane wave and focuses linearly polarized single cycle pulses. Waveguide device has non-resonant broadband transmission characteristic.

Abstract: Coherent electronic current is generated by generating and transmitting an electron bunch along a longitudinal axis. The electron bunch is then directed onto a target, wherein the target imparts a transverse spatial modulation to the electron bunch via diffraction contrast or phase contrast. The transverse spatial modulation of the electron bunch is then transferred to the longitudinal axis via an emittance exchange beamline, creating a periodically modulated distribution of coherent electronic current.

Abstract: Coherent electronic current is generated by generating and transmitting an electron bunch along a longitudinal axis. The electron bunch is then directed onto a target, wherein the target imparts a transverse spatial modulation to the electron bunch via diffraction contrast or phase contrast. The transverse spatial modulation of the electron bunch is then transferred to the longitudinal axis via an emittance exchange beamline, creating a periodically modulated distribution of coherent electronic current.

Abstract: The structure of materials can be characterized (e.g., via CD-SAXS) by generating a burst of electron bunches in a pulse train and accelerating the electron bunches to relativistic energies. Meanwhile, an optical cavity is filled with a laser pulse; and the electron bunches collide with the laser pulse in the optical cavity, permitting a single laser pulse to interact with the electron bunch train to generate x-rays via inverse Compton scattering. The generated x-rays are then directed to a sample, and the sample is imaged by measuring the scattering of the x-rays from the sample.

Abstract: A Silicon photodetector contains an insulating substrate having a top surface and a bottom surface. A Silicon layer is located on the top surface of the insulating substrate, where the Silicon layer contains a center region, the center region being larger in thickness than the rest of the Silicon layer. A top Silicon dioxide layer is located on a top surface of the center region. A left wing of the center region and a right wing of the center region are doped. The Silicon photodetector also has an active region located within the center region, where the active region contains a tailored crystal defect-impurity combination and Oxygen atoms.

Abstract: A Silicon photodetector contains an insulating substrate having a top surface and a bottom surface. A Silicon layer is located on the top surface of the insulating substrate, where the Silicon layer contains a center region, the center region being larger in thickness than the rest of the Silicon layer. A top Silicon dioxide layer is located on a top surface of the center region. A left wing of the center region and a right wing of the center region are doped. The Silicon photodetector also has an active region located within the center region, where the active region contains a tailored crystal defect-impurity combination and Oxygen atoms.

Abstract: A laser with a decoupling device for emitting a laser output depending on at least one influenceable parameter and a mode-coupling device for coupling a plurality of the laserable modes of the resonator. A detector is provided for detecting a value related to the emitted laser output and a parameter varying means for varying the at least one parameter in response to the detected value.