Abstract: A method is provided for fabricating microelectrodes and microelectrode arrays by etching in an acid solution. Glass wafers are diced into a desired shape to form narrow probes, which are immersed in the acid solution. An organic layer on top of the acid solution forms a meniscus at the point of contact with the probes, and the taper angle on the etched probes will depend on this meniscus angle. After etching, the tapered probes are coated with a conductive layer, followed by an insulating layer over most of their length so as to leave a small conductive area exposed at the tip. The glass wafer containing the probes is then mounted on a printed circuit board carrier.

Abstract: A method is provided for fabricating microelectrodes and microelectrode arrays by etching in an acid solution. Glass wafers are diced into a desired shape to form narrow probes, which are immersed in the acid solution. An organic layer on top of the acid solution forms a meniscus at the point of contact with the probes, and the taper angle on the etched probes will depend on this meniscus angle. After etching, the tapered probes are coated with a conductive layer, followed by an insulating layer over most of their length so as to leave a small conductive area exposed at the tip. The glass wafer containing the probes is then mounted on a printed circuit board carrier.

Abstract: Described are a device and a method for determining a wavelength of light incident on a device having an upper photodiode vertically disposed on a lower photodiode. Currents generated by the upper and lower photodiodes in response to the incident light are measured. The wavelength of the light is determined in response to the measured currents and a predetermined correspondence between the currents from the photodiodes as a function of wavelength. In one embodiment, bias voltages applied to the photodiodes are changed and modified currents are measured. The wavelength is determined in response to the measured currents and a predetermined correspondence between the currents from the two photodiodes as a function of wavelength and bias voltage.

Abstract: Described are a method and a photodetector system for determining a wavelength of light. A current generated in a photodetector in response to incident light is determined. The incident light is terminated and a decay current generated by the photodetector is determined. The wavelength of the light is determined according to the current, the decay current and a predetermined correspondence between the current and decay current as a function of wavelength and time. In one embodiment, the decay current is compared to reference decay currents to determine a matched reference decay current and the wavelength of the light is determined according to a wavelength associated with the matched reference decay current.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for assessing a condition in an individual by analyzing a cerebrospinal fluid sample from the individual, for example, by spectroscopy. Further, the invention provides methods for determining an amount of blood in the cerebrospinal fluid sample; methods for determining concentrations of analytes in the cerebrospinal fluid sample; methods for determining a length of time the blood has been in the cerebrospinal fluid sample; and methods for rapidly obtaining a differential diagnosis between conditions indicated by blood in the cerebral spinal fluid. Moreover, the present invention provides instruments capable of rapidly assessing a condition in and individual by point-of-care analysis of a cerebral fluid sample from an individual.

Abstract: Described are a method and system for providing information into a video record from an object in a monitored area. A video image of the monitored area is generated and information is received in a signal transmitted from the object. An image is displayed which shows the information superimposed on the video image. Optionally, the displayed image shows the information at a location in a display that corresponds to a location of the object in the display. The displayed image can include an automatic scrolling of the information overlaid on the video image or an automatic or manual scrolling of the information in a region adjacent to a region showing the video image.

Abstract: Described are a vehicle optical communications system and network to exchange high bandwidth optical data between vehicles or between a vehicle and a stationary host. The vehicle optical communications system includes a communications module and a sensor having pixels for detecting an image in a field of view. Each pixel can generate a pixel data signal responsive to an incident optical data signal that includes vehicle data transmitted from a remote optical transmitter. The communications module provides remote data in response to the pixel data signals. The vehicular communications system optionally includes an optical transmitter to enable bi-directional communication. Data can be transmitted through a multi-node network of vehicular communication systems deployed in vehicles or on stationary hosts located between or around the data transmitter and intended data receiver.

Abstract: Described are a system and a method for optical tracking of assets. The system includes a sensor having a plurality of pixels. Each pixel is adapted to produce an electrical signal responsive to an incident optical data signal emitted by an optical tag attached to an asset. The system also includes a sensor processor in communication with the sensor and configured to generate an electrical data signal based on optical data signals incident on the pixels. The sensor processor also generates asset data in response to the electrical data signals from the pixels. The sensor and sensor processor can be implemented as an optical communications imager in which each pixel generates a communication data signal based on incident light. Alternatively, the sensor can include a digital video camera or an analog video camera for lower bandwidth communications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a monolithic integrated photonic interconnect device which includes an optical layer having an input end and an output end, capable of conveying light between the input end and the output end, a semiconductor substrate layer comprising an integrated optical-electronic device and electronic circuitry operationally connected to the integrated optical-electronic device, and an optical coupling device disposed between, and operationally connected to, the optical layer and the optical-electronic device. In one embodiment of the interconnect device, the integrated optical-electronic device is able to generate light, detect light, amplify light or otherwise modulate amplitude or phase of light. In another embodiment of the interconnect device, the integrated optical-electronic device is a traveling wave type photodetector. In a further embodiment of the interconnect device, the optical coupling device is an asymmetric multimode interference coupler.