Abstract: A method and apparatus for creating dynamic shear within metallic and non-metallic test sample materials under controlled conditions related to high ballistic impact includes the use of test sample having an end face with non-symmetrically placed surfaces extending away from a leading edge of the end face.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for creating dynamic shear within metallic and non-metallic test sample materials under controlled conditions related to high velocity ballistic impact; metallurgical analysis techniques for studying the resultant sheared regions, analytic models for interpretation and characterization of the shear phenomena, and resulting constitutive relations are described. The test sample and receptor or target shapes together with the physical arrangement and conditions of impact are varied to provide a unique shear localization within the samples such that the shear process occurs along controlled and specific directions. The shear is observed and characterized through use of newly developed preparation techniques so that the samples and the localized shear can be examined with standard metallurgical instruments such as metallography and electron microscopy.

Abstract: An armor piercing projectile having a ramjet engine located at the forward nd such that the exhaust nozzles of the ramjet engine are located at or near the center of gravity of the projectile. A warhead is contained in the center portion of the projectile and is either a shaped charge device or a high explosive warhead. A tail boom with stabilizing fins is located at the rear of the projectile. In an alternate embodiment, the ramjet engine is attached by an extension sleeve to the warhead allowing it to telescope after launch and provide increased standoff for better penetration by the shaped charge. Another embodiment allows the ramjet motor to detach prior to impact at the target to better allow the warhead to penetrate. A further embodiment incorporates an armor piercing subprojectile located within the centerbody of the ramjet motor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the final shape of an explosively formed penetrator, in which a liner is explosively accelerated to high velocity to impact upon a mandrel and form a penetrator whose final shape, surface and mass distributions about its axis and along its length are determined by the mandrel shape. The shape of the mandrel can be varied to produce penetrators of optimal shape, depending upon the intended penetrator use. Such shape definition permits the dynamic formation of penetrators which have favorable static margins, which can be fin or spin stabilized, and which can have favorable shapes and mass distributions for effective target penetration.

Abstract: Two sections of explosives are utilized in a shaped charged device to first accelerate liner material to high velocity and secondly to collapse the moving liner on a projectile's longitudinal axis to produce a high velocity jet and slug. The apparatus utilizes the principle of superposition of velocity generated by sequentially activated explosives to attain jet and slug velocities having greater ability to defeat armored targets.

Abstract: A shaped charge device for a projectile has a nested structure which provs a relatively long lethal jet. The device employs a body of explosive material having a hollow formed therein. A sheath formed of ductile material is mounted within that hollow. Coaxially mounted within the sheath is an elongated casing. The casing which is formed of ductile material is spaced from the sheath. A layer of material is interposed between the sheath and casing. Upon detonation of the body of explosive material, the casing violently collapses to form a lethal jet.