Abstract: A wire grid polarizer (WGP) can include a heat-dissipation layer. The heat-dissipation layer can enable the WGP to be able to endure high temperatures. The heat-dissipation layer can be located (a) over an array of wires and farther from a transparent substrate than the array of wires; or (b) between the array of wires and the transparent substrate. The heat-dissipation layer can be a continuous layer. The heat-dissipation layer can have a high electrical resistivity and a high coefficient of thermal conductivity.

Abstract: A wire grid polarizer and method of making a wire grid polarizer can protect delicate wires of the wire grid polarizer from damage. The wire grid polarizer can include a protective-layer located on an array of wires. The array of wires can further be protected by a chemical coating on an inside surface of the air-filled channels, closed ends of the air-filled channels, damaged wires of the array of wires in a line parallel to an edge of the wire grid polarizer, or combinations thereof. The method can include (i) providing the wire grid polarizer, (ii) applying the protective-layer, by physical vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition but excluding atomic layer deposition, onto the array of wires, (iii) cutting the wire grid polarizer wafer into multiple wire grid polarizer parts, then (iv) protecting the array of wires.

Abstract: A wire grid polarizer (WGP) can have a conformal-coating to protect the WGP from oxidation and/or corrosion. The conformal-coating can include a barrier layer with at least one: of aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon carbide, hafnium oxide, and zirconium oxide. A method of making a WGP can include applying the barrier layer over ribs of a WGP by vapor deposition.

Abstract: A wire grid polarizer (WGP) can have a phosphonate conformal-coating to protect the WGP from at least one of the following: corrosion, dust, and damage due to tensile forces in a liquid on the WGP. The conformal-coating can include a chemical: where R1 can include a hydrophobic group, Z can include a bond to the ribs, and R5 can be any suitable chemical element or group. A method of applying a phosphonate conformal-coating over a WGP can include exposing the WGP to (R1)iPO(R4)j(R5)k, where: i is 1 or 2, j is 1 or 2, k is 0 or 1, and i+j+k=3; each R1 can independently include a hydrophobic group; R4 can include a phosphonate-reactive-group; each R6 can independently include an alkyl group, an aryl group, or combinations thereof; and each R5, if any, can independently be any suitable chemical element or group.

Abstract: A wire grid polarizer (WGP) can have a conformal-coating to protect the WGP from at least one of the following: corrosion, dust, and damage due to tensile forces in a liquid on the WGP. The conformal-coating can include a silane conformal-coating with chemical formula (1), chemical formula (2), or combinations thereof: A method of applying a conformal-coating over a WGP can include exposing the WGP to Si(R1)d(R2)e(R3)g. In the above WGP and method, X can be a bond to the ribs; each R1 can be a hydrophobic group; each R3, if any, can be any chemical element or group; d can be 1, 2, or 3, e can be 1, 2, or 3, g can be 0, 1, or 2, and d+e+g=4; R2 can be a silane-reactive-group; and each R6 can be an alkyl group, an aryl group, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: A wire grid polarizer (WGP) can include a heat-dissipation layer. The heat-dissipation layer can enable the WGP to be able to endure high temperatures. The heat-dissipation layer can be located (a) over an array of wires and farther from a transparent substrate than the array of wires; or (b) between the array of wires and the transparent substrate. The heat-dissipation layer can be a continuous layer. The heat-dissipation layer can have a high electrical resistivity and a high coefficient of thermal conductivity.

Abstract: A wire grid polarizer and method of making a wire grid polarizer can protect delicate wires of the wire grid polarizer from damage. The wire grid polarizer can include a protective-layer located on an array of wires. The array of wires can further be protected by a chemical coating on an inside surface of the air-filled channels, closed ends of the air-filled channels, damaged wires of the array of wires in a line parallel to an edge of the wire grid polarizer, or combinations thereof. The method can include (i) providing the wire grid polarizer, (ii) applying the protective-layer, by physical vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition but excluding atomic layer deposition, onto the array of wires, (iii) cutting the wire grid polarizer wafer into multiple wire grid polarizer parts, then (iv) protecting the array of wires.

Abstract: A wire grid polarizer (WGP) can have a phosphonate conformal-coating to protect the WGP from at least one of the following: corrosion, dust, and damage due to tensile forces in a liquid on the WGP. The conformal-coating can include a chemical: where R1 can include a hydrophobic group, Z can include a bond to the ribs, and R5 can be any suitable chemical element or group. A method of applying a phosphonate conformal-coating over a WGP can include exposing the WGP to (R1)iPO(R4)j(R5)k, where: i is 1 or 2, j is 1 or 2, k is 0 or 1, and i+j+k=3; each R1 can independently include a hydrophobic group; R4 can include a phosphonate-reactive-group; each R6 can independently include an alkyl group, an aryl group, or combinations thereof; and each R5, if any, can independently be any suitable chemical element or group.

Abstract: A wire grid polarizer (WGP) can have a phosphonate conformal-coating to protect the WGP from at least one of the following: corrosion, dust, and damage due to tensile forces in a liquid on the WGP. The conformal-coating can include a chemical: where R1 can include a hydrophobic group, Z can be a bond to the ribs, and R5 can be any suitable chemical element or group. A method of applying a phosphonate conformal-coating over a WGP can include exposing the WGP to (R1)iPO(R4)j(R5)k, where: i is 1 or 2, j is 1 or 2, k is 0 or 1, and i+j+k=3; each R1 can independently be a hydrophobic group; R4 can be a phosphonate-reactive-group; each R6 can independently be an alkyl group, an aryl group, or combinations thereof; and each R5, if any, can independently be any suitable chemical element or group.

Abstract: A wire grid polarizer (WGP) can have a phosphonate conformal-coating to protect the WGP from at least one of the following: corrosion, dust, and damage due to tensile forces in a liquid on the WGP. The conformal-coating can include a chemical: where R1 can include a hydrophobic group, Z can be a bond to the ribs, and R5 can be any suitable chemical element or group. A method of applying a phosphonate conformal-coating over a WGP can include exposing the WGP to (R1)iPO(R4)j(R5)k, where: i is 1 or 2, j is 1 or 2, k is 0 or 1, and i+j+k=3; each R1 can independently be a hydrophobic group; R4 can be a phosphonate-reactive-group; each R6 can independently be an alkyl group, an aryl group, or combinations thereof; and each R5, if any, can independently be any suitable chemical element or group.

Abstract: A wire grid polarizer (WGP) can have a conformal-coating to protect the WGP from oxidation and/or corrosion. The conformal-coating can include a barrier layer with at least one: of aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon carbide, hafnium oxide, and zirconium oxide. A method of making a WGP can include applying the barrier layer over ribs of a WGP by vapor deposition.

Abstract: Wire grid polarizer (WGP) performance can be improved by use of certain water-soluble materials. Such water-soluble materials can be protected by a conformal coating, which can be applied by an anhydrous method, such as vapor deposition for example.

Abstract: Embodiments of a chemical, methods of applying a chemical, and devices with a coating of a chemical can be used to protect devices from harm, such as for example corrosion, water tensile forces, dust, and oxidation. The device can include a phosphonate-coating, a silane-coating, or both, located on a substrate. The silane-coating can include chemical formula (1), chemical formula (2), or combinations thereof; and the phosphonate-coating can include chemical formula (3): where R1 can be a hydrophobic group; R3 and R5 can be any chemical element or group; r can be a positive integer; and X and Z can each be a bond to the substrate.

Abstract: A wire grid polarizer (WGP) can have a conformal-coating to protect the WGP from at least one of the following: corrosion, dust, and damage due to tensile forces in a liquid on the WGP. The conformal-coating can include a silane conformal-coating with chemical formula (1), chemical formula (2), or combinations thereof: A method of applying a conformal-coating over a WGP can include exposing the WGP to Si(R1)d(R2)e(R3)g. In the above WGP and method, X can be a bond to the ribs; each R1 can be a hydrophobic group; each R3, if any, can be any chemical element or group; d can be 1, 2, or 3, e can be 1, 2, or 3, g can be 0, 1, or 2, and d+e+g=4; R2 can be a silane-reactive-group; and each R6 can be an alkyl group, an aryl group, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: A method for applying jewelry especially in connection with functional items such as medical alert bracelets and replaces the cumbersome and difficult to open traditional clasps. The clasps can hold tight, yet allow those without fine motor skills to easily clasp and unclasp the jewelry.

Abstract: An improved paddle apparatus for standup paddling of surfboards or like water craft, having a plurality of hand grip portions rotatably mounted relative to the paddle shaft, and a means of paddling whereby the operator can ergonomically paddle with greater power and control on either side of the water craft without breaking either hand grip. A further improvement includes using the handgrip in the position perpendicular to the paddle shaft to determine the blade position by feel and steer with greater torque. An alternative embodiment includes rotation of the grip itself, further reducing the twisting of the wrists and other joints.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a sealing system applicable to a ruptured pipe. The invention has application in water main, and oil and gas exploration. It is particularly suited to forming and repairing wellbore casings which may have been damaged in order to alleviate environmental recovery and facilitate oil and gas exploration.

Abstract: An improved paddle apparatus for standup paddling of surfboards or like water craft, having a plurality of hand grip portions rotatably mounted relative to the paddle shaft, and a means of paddling whereby the operator can ergonomically paddle with greater power and control on either side of the water craft without breaking either hand grip. A further improvement includes using the handgrip in the position perpendicular to the paddle shaft to determine the blade position by feel and steer with greater torque. An alternative embodiment includes rotation of the grip itself, further reducing the twisting of the wrists and other joints.

Abstract: System and methods of detecting and measuring periodontal disease comprising filling a periodontal pocket with a fluid capable of propagating sound waves, transmitting a sound wave into the periodontal pocket, sensing the return sound wave from the periodontal pocket, and determining the depth of the pocket by measuring the time it takes the at least one transmitted sound wave to traverse the periodontal pocket and return. A peak discrimination analysis algorithm is also provided.

Abstract: An improved implantation holder apparatus and system for holding bioprosthetic aortic valves for insertion into a heart. The handle system interacts with implantation holder and the valve in such a way that commissure support struts may be retracted by simply rotating the handle which allows the surgeon more room to work in tight quarters to complete the implantation process. Included is a handle system, which can be attached and detached, for securing the holder during application of the parachute stitching and moving the valve into position. Once the valve is in position, the handle may be retained in place, or removed for greater ease of access to the aortic cavity. Once the valve is fully sutured into place the handle may be easily reattached to the holder with an automatic cutting system to cut the sutures and allow the holder to be more easily and safely be retracted from the aorta.