Abstract: Abrasive articles are disclosed that may be used in dry sanding applications. The abrasive articles disclosed may be made entirely from abrasive materials or alternatively may be made by fastening abrasive surfaces to handles or tools. The abrasive articles of the present invention have abrasive surfaces with controlled wear rates that renew themselves during use. The self renewing abrasive surfaces of the present invention may be prepared by pressing a mixture of abrasive particles and a minimal amount of a foam binder together into a mold and subsequently allowing the mixture to foam, break down, and harden. Alternatively, high loading densities of abrasive with larger amounts of foam binder may be employed that retain their foam integrity. The resulting abrasive articles are long lasting and may be made low in cost.

Abstract: Abrasive articles are disclosed that may be used in dry sanding applications. The abrasive articles disclosed may be made entirely from abrasive materials or alternatively may be made by fastening abrasive surfaces to handles or tools. The abrasive articles of the present invention have abrasive surfaces with controlled wear rates that renew themselves during use. The self renewing abrasive surfaces of the present invention may be prepared by pressing a mixture of abrasive particles and a minimal amount of a foam binder together into a mold and subsequently allowing the mixture to foam, break down, and harden. Alternatively, high loading densities of abrasive with larger amounts of foam binder may be employed that retain their foam integrity. The resulting abrasive articles are long lasting and may be made low in cost.

Abstract: Electrical contacting surfaces are disclosed having numerous electrically conductive substantially spherical protrusions. These contacting surfaces may be used repeatedly in low voltage applications. The numerous electrically conductive substantially spherical protrusions provide points of high pressure thereby forming multiple parallel electrically conductive pathways across the contacting surfaces to establish good electrical continuity.

Abstract: Low profile circuit boards having heat dissipative properties are disclosed having numerous discrete heat dissipating bonding zones. These electric circuit boards help dissipate heat from individual components such as transistors. Thermally conductive protrusions that may have an ultra low profile may be employed to promote bonding and remove heat. The resulting circuit boards are compact and have good heat dissipating properties. The ultra low profile protrusions disclosed in the present invention may also be used in other applications as well.

Abstract: Discontinuous abrasive surfaces are disclosed that may be employed in wet and/or dry applications. The discontinuous abrasive surfaces of the present invention may consist of abrasive containing protrusions attached to rigid or flexible surfaces arranged in one or more layers, or alternatively may be comprised of closed cell foam compositions impregnated with abrasive materials such as aluminum oxide. The closed cell foam compositions of the present invention may soften with water to provide a cushioning layer for abrasive particles at the working surface. The voids present in the discontinuous abrasive surfaces of the present invention serve to hold water in wet applications and remove debris. The resulting discontinuous abrasive particle releasing surfaces are long lasting and may be made low in cost.

Abstract: Aqueous based tile etching solutions are disclosed containing hydrofluoric acid along with additives that can be used to reveal exposure. The exposure revealing additives of the present invention may have irritant properties so that an exposed individual can feel that skin contact has occurred and/or alternatively may dye the skin to reveal a colored or fluorescent stain where contact has taken place. The result is a hydrofluoric acid containing tile etching solution having improved overall safety by revealing when and where exposure has taken place. This becomes very important owing to the fact that skin contact with solutions containing hydrofluoric acid often go unnoticed for some time and may therefore result in substantial chemical injury including bone damage. The hydrofluoric acid employed in the present invention may be formed in situ by the interaction of a strong acid with a water soluble fluoride salt.

Abstract: Discontinuous abrasive particle releasing surfaces are disclosed that may be employed in low speed wet grinding, sanding, and polishing operations. The discontinuous abrasive surfaces of the present invention may consist of abrasive containing protrusions attached to rigid or flexible surfaces or alternatively may be comprised of closed cell foam compositions impregnated with abrasive materials such as aluminum oxide. The voids present in the discontinuous abrasive surfaces of the present invention serve to hold water and remove debris. The resulting discontinuous abrasive particle releasing surfaces are long lasting and may be made low in cost.

Abstract: Abrasive articles are disclosed that may be used in low speed dry sanding applications. The abrasive articles disclosed may be made entirely from abrasive materials or alternatively may be made by fastening abrasive surfaces to handles or tools. The abrasive articles of the present invention have abrasive surfaces with controlled wear rates that renew themselves during use. The self renewing abrasive surfaces of the present invention may be prepared by pressing a mixture of abrasive particles, hollow micro-particles and a minimal amount of binder together into a mold and subsequently allowing the binder to harden. The resulting abrasive articles are long lasting and may be made low in cost.

Abstract: Electrical contacting surfaces are disclosed having numerous electrically conductive substantially spherical protrusions. These contacting surfaces may be used repeatedly in low voltage applications. The numerous electrically conductive substantially spherical protrusions provide points of high pressure thereby forming multiple parallel electrically conductive pathways across the contacting surfaces to establish good electrical continuity.

Abstract: Ventilated roofing tiles along with other multilayered energy saving and/or producing constructions are disclosed. Also disclosed are insulating bonding constructions having enhanced energy saving attributes. The ventilated roofing tiles employ heat transfer means that may include natural and/or forced air convection.

Abstract: An image transfer assembly (12) receives an image printed from an ink jet printer. The assembly (12) provides a device to transfer the printed image onto an image-receiving surface. The assembly (12) has a flexible substrate (16) on one side, and an upper surface (20) on the other side that is substantially permeable to ink jet printer ink and that is non-tacky prior to printing. The assembly (12) has an adhesive or polymer layer (14) in between the upper surface (20) and the flexible substrate (16). After printing with a water-based ink jet printer ink, the user may apply the assembly (12) to a substrate, such as a window or other surface, and remove the flexible substrate (16), thereby leaving the layer (14) that bears the image on the substrate. In one of several alternative embodiments, the layer (14) is divided into discrete zones that are separated from one another along boundaries.

Abstract: An ink jet printer image transfer sheet having a non-porous flexible base layer, an ink absorbing adhesive layer coated onto said base layer and an ink jet printing ink porous detackifying outer layer. A method for transferring an ink jet printed image to a substrate.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for charged particle generation, particularly for use in electrographic imaging, in which a drive electrode and an isolation electrode are substantially in contact with opposite sides of a solid dielectric member, and a discharge electrode is placed on the same side of the solid dielectric member as the isolation electrode to define a discharge region. A high voltage time varying potential is imposed between the drive electrode and the discharge electrode to produce charged particles in the discharge region, and the isolation electrode is capacitively coupled to the drive electrode but otherwise is electrically isolated. The discharge electrode and isolation electrode are not coplanar and the discharge region does not border on the solid dielectric member. In a first embodiment, a dielectric shelf is placed intermediate an apertured discharge electrode and the isolation electrode, to facilitate the inception of discharges.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for charged particle generation, particularly for use in electrographic imaging, in which charged particles are generated in a discharge region and extracted to form an electrostatic image, wherein a controlled gas is introduced into the discharge region for improved operation and service life. The controlled gas may consist of nitrogen, an elemental noble gas (or mixture of such gasses, or a mixture of nitrogen with one or more noble gasses. In the preferred charged particle generator designs, a high voltage alternating potential (drive voltage) is applied between driver and control electrodes separated by a solid dielectric member to induce glow discharges within apertures in the control electrodes. The charged particle generator may include only the driver and control electrodes, or may further include screen electrodes to regulate the extraction of charged particles.

Abstract: Sensitized inorganic nitrate mixtures with high brisance are provided in which oxygen balance is attained by the incorporation of aluminum dust and hydrocarbons. Cap sensitivity is achieved by adding an organic nitrate. The resultant mixtures have a low tendency to sweat and cause headaches.