Abstract: The present invention provides apparatus and methods for treating a vascular condition formed within a vessel by providing a balloon having proximal and distal regions and a stent configured to be disposed within the balloon. When the balloon is partially or fully inflated, the stent may be advanced within the confines of the balloon and then expanded to engage an inner surface of the balloon. The stent urges the balloon against the vessel wall, and the proximal and distal regions of the balloon then are cut to leave the balloon and stent within the vessel. The balloon may comprise a collagenous extracellular matrix material to facilitate fusion of the balloon with the vessel wall.

Abstract: A method and device includes advancing an anchor stent assembly and a second stent into a stenosed region of a blood vessel to protect or shield the vessel from possible blockage. The anchor stent assembly may include an anchor stent and a cover made of submucosal tissue (SIS). The cover is delivered in a dried, compressed, condition and is later softened and expanded by exposure to the flow of blood. The second stent may then be advanced within the cover and dilated to press the cover against the stenosed region of the vessel, thus protecting the vessel from emboli formed of stenosis breakage.

Abstract: An embolic protection device includes a foam body attached to a plurality of flexible struts. The foam body has a generally conical geometry and the bottom of the conical geometry having a generally conical recess. The filter portion has pores sized such that blood cells can pass through the foam body, but larger material such as objects would be trapped in the recess. Each strut is attached along the periphery of the foam body and extend from the first end of the foam body to a connection point located proximate the first end.

Abstract: A method for joining at least first and second medical devices, and an apparatus comprising joined medical devices. A first tubular structure has a plurality of layers, wherein one of the layers has a portion adapted for joinder to a second tubular structure. The second tubular structure has a portion adapted for joinder to the first tubular structure. The first and second tubular structures are positioned such that the respective adapted portions are aligned for joinder, and the tubular structures are heated such that at least one of the adapted portions melts and flows into engagement with the other adapted portion to form a bond therebetween. The first tubular structure may comprise an inner PTFE layer and an outer layer of a polymer such as nylon or PEBA, and the second tubular structure may comprise a high strength polymer, such as PEEK.

Abstract: A method and device to repair a stenosis in a blood vessel is provided. The medical device has a tubular member and a frame. The frame may be expanded or contracted while maintaining its generally cylindrical configuration. The medical device is retained in a contracted state inside an introducer sheath. The introducer sheath is guided through the stenosis such that a first end of the medical device is located distal the stenosis. The introducer sheath is retracted relative to the medical device, such that the first end of the stent expands to engage the blood vessel distal the stenosis. A mid-portion of the medical device engages the plaque of the stenosis trapping any emboli against the wall of the vessel. The second end expands to engage the blood vessel proximal to stenosis.

Abstract: Delivery systems for self-expanding devices are provided having a system proximal portion with a handle, an elongate middle section delivery device with an outer sheath and inner compression member, and a system distal portion including an outer guide channel member with first and second end portions defining a guide channel that slidably receives an inner guide channel member having a guide channel, the guide channels being substantially aligned. A mounting region for self-expanding devices is disposed radially between the inner and outer guide channel members. The outer guide channel member has a stepped profile from a first outer diameter to a second smaller outer diameter located near a transition region having a breech position opening for passage of a wire guide, catheter, or other medical instrument. The outer member is axially slideable relative to the inner member to deploy a self-expanding device. Methods of using and manufacturing are also provided.

Abstract: A stent delivery system includes at least one stent and a holder. The stent is expandable from a compressed state to an expanded state. The holder is configured to interfere or interlock with the stent. The holder may be blowmolded onto an inner surface of the compressed stent. An outer diameter of the holder is approximately the same as an inner diameter of the stent.

Abstract: A method (112) of loading an expandable medical device in a low vapor environment. The method includes placing the device in a loading chamber (114) at, for example, room temperature and removing (116) from the chamber any undesirable contaminants such as water vapor that can form condensation on the device when the device is cooled for compression into a transfer tube or delivery catheter. The temperature in the chamber is lowered (118) to a temperature below the transition temperature (martensitic finish) of the device. The device is compressed (120) below its' transition temperature and loaded (122) into a delivery or transfer device.

Abstract: A tubular prosthesis delivery system has an inner tubular member having a distal end including a prosthesis-carrying portion and a proximal end intended to remain outside the patient. An outer tubular member has a distal end spaced from the prosthesis-carrying portion of the inner member. A coupling member couples the inner and outer tubular members to each other in fixed relationship generally at a location intended to remain outside the patient. An intermediate tubular member located between the inner and outer tubular members has a distal end adapted to cover the tubular prosthesis and a proximal end that projects proximally beyond the proximal ends of both the inner and outer tubular members. The proximally projecting end of the intermediate tubular member is longitudinally movable with respect to the coupled inner and outer tubular members by a distance sufficient to retract the intermediate tubular member distal end from any position covering the prosthesis carried by the inner member.

Abstract: An introducer apparatus and a method for forming an introducer apparatus. The apparatus comprises an inner liner having a passageway extending longitudinally therethrough. A coil in a stressed, radially expanded condition is positioned longitudinally around said inner tube. A polymeric outer tube is positioned longitudinally around the coil and the inner liner, and is bonded to the inner liner through the spaces between the turns of the coil. The polymeric outer tube is formed in a manner such that it maintains the coil in its stressed radially expanded condition. In a preferred embodiment, the inner liner and outer tube comprise a polyimide.

Abstract: A large diameter, flexible, kink-resistant and rotatable introducer sheath (10) for percutaneous delivery of a contained and implantable medical device in the vasculature of a patient. The introducer sheath includes a reinforcement such as a flat wire coil (23) fitted about an inner, lubricous material such as polytetrafluoroethylene tube (22). A wire braid (25) is placed around the coil to give good transfer of rotational forces. An outer tube (27) of a heat formable polyamide material is heat formed and compressed through the spaces between the wires of the braid and turns of the wire coil to mechanically connect the outer tube to the roughened outer surface of the inner tube. The durometer of the outer tube can be varied to effect the flexibility of the sheath. A radiopaque marker (42) is positioned at the distal end of the coil and around the inner tube for radiographic visualization.

Abstract: A marker and pushing member are provided with lateral extensions connected to a connecting portion. The connecting portion connects the marker/pushing member to a proximal or distal end of the stent. The lateral extensions distribute forces applied to the marker/pushing member so that part of the force is applied to the connecting member and part of the force is applied to a portion of the stent structure that is not directly connected to the connecting member.

Abstract: A stent delivery system includes a stent having at least one eyelet and at least one rivet and a holder supporting the stent, wherein the holder includes a first section having a first diameter and a second section having a second diameter. A sheath covers the stent and the holder. The rivets are attached to each of the eyelets. A first inner diameter of the stent at the position of the rivets is smaller than a second inner diameter of the stent at other positions because the rivets protrude inwardly. A shoulder is formed on the holder due to the difference between the first diameter and the second diameter of the holder. The shoulder is positioned distally adjacent the rivets. The shoulder interferes with the protruding rivets, thereby restraining the longitudinal movement of the stent relative to the holder. Although the sheath is pulled back, the stent does not jump out of the stent delivery system.

Abstract: A stent deployment system includes a handle and a flexible sheath coupled the handle. A flexible tube extends from the handle through the sheath. A tapered flexible extension is coupled to the flexible tube, the tapered flexible extension has a taper angle of between about 5 degrees and 15 degrees towards the handle. A bead of adhesive can be supplied at an end of the tapered flexible extension. A thrust block is coupled to the flexible tube, and an endoluminal prosthesis is positioned around the flexible tube between the thrust block and the tapered flexible extension with a space situated between the endoluminal prosthesis and the thrust block.

Abstract: Prosthetic valves for implantation in a body vessel are provided. Prosthetic valves according to the invention comprise first and second frame members and a graft member at least partially disposed between the first and second frame members. The graft member forms a valve that permits fluid flow through the body vessel in a first direction and substantially prevents fluid flow through the body vessel in a second, opposite direction.

Abstract: A portable image projector is provided with a fan having a control system for cooling a metal-halide arc lamp. The arc lamp cooling system of the present invention includes a fan having a fan control to operate the fan at an initially reduced level during lamp start-up to allow the temperature of the arc lamp to increase to its full operating temperature. The fan control includes a microcontroller to operate the fan at a reduced voltage over a period of time after which the voltage is increased to operate the fan at full capacity. Power to the fan may be increased in incremental time steps or linearly over a period of time as determined by the microcontroller.

Abstract: In a single path embodiment of a multimedia projector (30) of the present invention, the light emitted from blue, green, and red generally monochromatic LEDs (72) or LED arrays (70) is propagated through optical fibers (76) and then integrated through an optical integrator (40). A display controller (56) receives image data from a personal computer (58) and converts the data to color frame sequential data delivered to a common display device (44). The display controller (56) synchronizes the data with ON/OFF signals conveyed to an LED power supply (34). Because the synchronization is entirely electronic, the frame sequential information can be cycled much faster and more accurately than can be accomplished with a color wheel system (10).

Abstract: In many storms, high-wind velocity can cause severe damage to building structures by virtue of differential pressures caused by high-wind velocity winds traversing the structure, creating differential inside-outside pressures. Extremely low pressure on the downwind side of the structure causing higher internal pressures inside the structure to lift the roof or burst out windows and the like on the downwind side of the structure. The destructive effects of high-velocity winds on building structures are avoided by providing the building with controlled openings on the various surfaces of the building. Air pressure sensing devices sense pressure differentials caused by high-velocity winds on the upwind and downwind sides of the building and controlling the pressure control opening such that the high-pressure surface opening is closed and the low-pressure surface control opening is opened.

Abstract: A wafer is clamped to a wafer holder for processing with a front plane clamping ring and backplane clips without sliding or rolling contact with the wafer that would tend to increase particulate contamination. A load arm moves a semiconductor wafer, device side first, forwardly into a loading chamber, for example a loadlock, and through an opening in a wafer holder within the chamber, where the wafer contacts the underside of an annular clamping ring, which is attached to the holder body by springs, to displace the ring away in a forwardly direction from the holder. The ring is displaced, for example, sufficiently from the holder, preferably 30 to 40 thousandths of an inch or more for standard thickness semiconductor wafers, to clear a plane at the back of the holder in which lie a plurality of clips. Latch actuators on the load arm engage and rotate the clips into the opening behind the wafer when the wafer is displaced in a forward direction out of the plane.

Abstract: A system and method of detecting the end of useful life in a gas sensor cell having a cathode, anode, one of which is consumable, and an electrolyte, and a circuit for controlling the flow of gas to the cell and a sensing resistor and circuit connected to said cathode and said anode, the consumable electrode is provided in the form of a plurality of discrete elements which are sequentially connected in circuit with the other electrode, sensing resistor and circuit. A drop in current between respective ones of the consumable electrode is an indication of the approach of the end of the useful life of the gas sensor.