Abstract: The transceivers of the present invention use orthogonal coupling, i.e., perpendicular to the substrate, for a single fiber implementation of a transceiver incorporating both a VCSEL and a detector. The methods of the present invention include aligning and bonding a substrate wafer to a coupling wafer, prior to dicing the resultant compound wafer.

Abstract: A teleconference system including a plurality of personal presence cells positioned at a local communication site and at a remote communication site. The plurality of personal presence cells are characterized as either sensor cells or display cells. The sensor cells include at least one video camera positioned to sense and transmit an image of the local participant, and an image screen positioned to reflect an image of the local participant toward the at least one video camera and for viewing of an image through the screen. The display cells each include at least one projection display positioned to display a multi-dimensional image of a remote participant on a display screen. A transmission link interfaces the plurality of personal presence cells positioned at the local communication site and the plurality of presence cells positioned at the remote communication site.

Abstract: The transceivers of the present invention use orthogonal coupling, i.e., perpendicular to the substrate, for a single fiber implementation of a transceiver incorporating both a VCSEL and a detector. The methods of the present invention include aligning and bonding a substrate wafer to a coupling wafer, prior to dicing the resultant compound wafer.

Abstract: A front illumination device for illuminating a reflective liquid crystal display cell (42) having a light source (12), a light guide (20), and a light coupling element (22). The light guide (20) has a thin plate element configured to receive light along an edge surface (28) thereof at an angle such that a majority of the light is totally internally reflected from the front surface (24) of the light guide (20). The light coupling element (22) has a thin plate element having a front surface (30) that is in contact with the back surface (26) of planar light guide (20). The front surface (30) of the light coupling element (22) has a plurality of cavities (40) disposed therein. Light impinging the interfaces (27) between cavities (40) and the back surface (26) is totally internally reflected within light guide (20).

Abstract: A front illumination device for illuminating a reflective liquid crystal display cell (42) having a light source (12), a light guide (20), and a light coupling element (22). The light guide (20) has a thin plate element configured to receive light along an edge surface (28) thereof at an angle such that a majority of the light is totally internally reflected from the front surface (24) of the light guide (20). The light coupling element (22) has a thin plate element having a front surface (30) that is in contact with the back surface (26) of planar light guide (20). The front surface (30) of the light coupling element (22) has a plurality of cavities (40) disposed therein. Light impinging the interfaces (27) between cavities (40) and the back surface (26) is totally internally reflected within light guide 20.

Abstract: A front illumination device for illuminating a reflective liquid crystal display cell (42) having a light source (12), a light guide (20), and a light coupling element (22). The light guide (20) has a thin plate element configured to receive light along an edge surface (28) thereof at an angle such that a majority of the light is totally internally reflected from the front surface (24) of the light guide (20). The light coupling element (22) has a thin plate element having a front surface (30) that is in contact with the back surface (26) of planar light guide (20). The front surface (30) of the light coupling element (22) has a plurality of cavities (40) disposed therein. Light impinging the interfaces (27) between cavities (40) and the back surface (26) is totally internally reflected within light guide 20.

Abstract: A teleconference system including a plurality of personal presence cells positioned at a local communication site and at a remote communication site. The plurality of personal presence cells are characterized as either sensor cells or display cells. The sensor cells include at least one video camera positioned to sense and transmit an image of the local participant, and an image screen positioned to reflect an image of the local participant toward the at least one video camera and for viewing of an image through the screen. The display cells each include at least one projection display positioned to display a multi-dimensional image of a remote participant on a display screen. A transmission link interfaces the plurality of personal presence cells positioned at the local communication site and the plurality of presence cells positioned at the remote communication site.

Abstract: A teleconference system including a plurality of personal presence cells positioned at a local communication site and at a remote communication site. The plurality of personal presence cells are characterized as either sensor cells or display cells. The sensor cells include at least one video camera positioned to sense and transmit an image of the local participant, and an image screen positioned to reflect an image of the local participant toward the at least one video camera and for viewing of an image through the screen. The display cells each include at least one projection display positioned to display a multi-dimensional image of a remote participant on a display screen. A transmission link interfaces the plurality of personal presence cells positioned at the local communication site and the plurality of presence cells positioned at the remote communication site.

Abstract: An optical display system for magnifying the image of a liquid crystal display cell (314) used in a portable electronic device (310) such as a cellular phone or smart card reader having a light focusing and deflecting array (316), a light coupling element (318) and a magnifying lens element (110). The light focusing and deflecting array (316) includes an array of lenslets (410, 412, 414, 416, 418) that receive light rays from the liquid crystal display cell (314) and impart an angular component to the light rays. The magnitude of this angular component increases moving radially outward along the light focusing and deflecting array. The light coupling element (318) couples the deflected light rays to the magnifying lens element without substantial refraction thereof. The magnifying lens element (110) has a unitary lens having a biaxial gradient index of refraction, which causes the light rays to be bent initially outward then inward.