Abstract: Sulfur-fused perylene diimides (PDIs) having the formula 2PDI-nS, wherein n is an integer. Such sulfur-fused PDIs (e.g., 2PDI-2S, 2PDI-3S, and 2PDI-4S) are incorporated as electron acceptors in an active region of a bulk heterojunction solar cell and/or as an electron transport layer. Example solar cells exhibit a power conversion efficiency above 5% and a fill factor above 70% (a record high for non-fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cell devices) when 2PDI-nS is used as the electron acceptor. In addition, the solar cells exhibit low open circuit voltage (Voc) loss.

Abstract: Sulfur-fused perylene diimides (PDIs) having the formula 2PDI-nS, wherein n is an integer. Such sulfur-fused PDIs (e.g., 2PDI-2S, 2PDI-3S, and 2PDI-4S) are incorporated as electron acceptors in an active region of a bulk heterojunction solar cell and/or as an electron transport layer. Example solar cells exhibit a power conversion efficiency above 5% and a fill factor above 70% (a record high for non-fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cell devices) when 2PDI-nS is used as the electron acceptor. In addition, the solar cells exhibit low open circuit voltage (Voc) loss.

Abstract: An electrochemical energy storage device includes a first polymer electrode and a second polymer electrode spaced apart from the first polymer electrode such that a space is reserved between the first and second polymer electrodes. The space reserved between the first and second polymer electrodes contains an electrolyte that comprises a quinone compound. The first and second polymer electrodes each consist essentially of acid-dopable polymers.

Abstract: Disclosed is the synthesis of benzodipyrrolidone and their polymers and small molecules for electronic and optoelectronic applications. Also disclosed are devices that incorporate such polymers and small molecules.

Abstract: A twisted but conjugated building block for low bandgap conjugated polymers. An organic device comprising a (E)-8,8?-biindeno[2,1-b]thiophenylidene (tBTP) based polymer.

Abstract: 1,4 fullerene deriatives useful for solar cells are provided, where their structures allow for straightforward functionalizations to tune their properties in terms of solubility and LUMO energy levels.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell includes an anode having a metal material having an oxygen containing layer. The electrochemical cell also includes a cathode and an electrolyte. The anode includes a protective layer formed by reacting a D or P block precursor with the oxygen containing layer.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell includes an anode having a metal material having an oxygen containing layer. The electrochemical cell also includes a cathode and an electrolyte. The anode includes a chemically bonded protective layer formed by reacting a D or P block precursor with the oxygen containing layer.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell includes an anode having a metal material having an oxygen containing layer. The electrochemical cell also includes a cathode and an electrolyte. The anode includes a chemically bonded protective layer formed by reacting a D or P block precursor with the oxygen containing layer.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell includes an anode having a metal material having an oxygen containing layer. The electrochemical cell also includes a cathode and an electrolyte. The anode includes a protective layer formed by reacting a D or P block precursor with the oxygen containing layer.

Abstract: A composition for use in an electrochemical cell is disclosed wherein the composition includes a clean metal substantially free of impurities and a layer of protective material in contact with the clean metal. Further disclosed is an electrochemical cell including a metal film comprising a clean metal substantially free of impurities. The electrochemical cell may further include an electrolyte and a layer of protective material disposed between the electrolyte and the metal film. A process for manufacturing an electrode is further disclosed including preparing a metal film comprising a clean metal substantially free of impurities and depositing a layer of protective material on to the metal film.

Abstract: Disclosed is the synthesis of benzodipyrrolidone and their polymers and small molecules for electronic and optoelectronic applications. Also disclosed are devices that incorporate such polymers and small molecules.

Abstract: N-bridged PCBMs are prepared by the cycloaddition of an organic azide to C60. The N-bridged PCBMs are imino PCBMs, exemplified by an isomeric mixture of [5,6]-open APCBM and [6,6]-closed APCBM. An organic electronic material containing a fullerene adduct, such as an organic field effect transistor or an organic photovoltaic device, is provided containing the N-bridged PCBM as the fullerene adduct.

Abstract: A method for the synthesis of well-defined rod-coil block copolymers consisting of P3HT donor and C60 acceptor chromophores (P3HT-b-P(SxAy)-C60) in a molecular architecture is reported for use in bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. In thin films of the resulting block copolymer, reproducible self-assembly into well-defined “nanofibrils” is observed. This is the first example of a block copolymer containing a C60 derivative that shows exclusively a nanofibrilar structure. A substantial improvement in device performance is achieved when the block copolymer is used as a “surfactant” for controlling the interface morphology of the P3HT:PCBM donor-acceptor phase domains within the composite.

Abstract: 1,4 fullerene deriatives useful for solar cells are provided, where their structures allow for straightforward functionalizations to tune their properties in terms of solubility and LUMO energy levels.

Abstract: For use in a DMFC, a proton-conducting membrane containing a proton-conducting host polymer and a functionalized fullerene having one or more proton accepting or proton donating functional groups selected from: >C[PO(OH)2]2; —PO(OH)2; —OH; —SO3H; —NH2; —CN; —HOSO3H; —COOH; —OPO(OH)2; and —OSO3 or a combination of two or more of these groups attached to the fullerene.

Abstract: A three-dimensional electrode structure for use in a battery comprising a porous three-dimensional substrate formed from a first electrically conductive material, an ion-conducting dielectric material disposed on the porous three dimensional substrate, and a second electrically conductive material disposed on the ion-conducting dielectric material, wherein the ion-conducting dielectric material separates the first electrically conductive material from the second electrically conductive material.

Abstract: This invention provides for an apparatus and a method for detecting the presence of pathogenic agents with sensors containing functionalized nanostructures integrated into circuits on silicon chips. The nanostructures are functionalized with molecular transducers that recognize and bind targeted analytes which are diagnostic of the pathogenic agent of interest. The molecular transducer includes a receptor portion, which binds the analyte, and an anchor portion that attaches to the nanostructure. Upon binding of the analyte, a change in molecular configuration represented by the newly formed receptor-analyte complex creates a force that is transmitted to the nanostructure via the anchor portion of the transducer. The effect of the force transmitted to the nanostructure is to alter its conductivity. The change in conductivity of the nanotube thus represents a signal that indicates the presence of the pathogenic agent of interest.

Abstract: This invention provides for an apparatus and a method for detecting the presence of pathogenic agents with sensors containing functionalized nanostructures integrated into circuits on silicon chips. The nanostructures are functionalized with molecular transducers that recognize and bind targeted analytes which are diagnostic of the pathogenic agent of interest. The molecular transducer includes a receptor portion, which binds the analyte, and an anchor portion that attaches to the nanostructure. Upon binding of the analyte, a change in molecular configuration represented by the newly formed receptor-analyte complex creates a force that is transmitted to the nanostructure via the anchor portion of the transducer. The effect of the force transmitted to the nanostructure is to alter its conductivity. The change in conductivity of the nanotube thus represents a signal that indicates the presence of the pathogenic agent of interest.

Abstract: A composition for use in an electrochemical cell is disclosed wherein the composition includes a clean metal substantially free of impurities and a layer of protective material in contact with the clean metal. Further disclosed is an electrochemical cell including a metal film comprising a clean metal substantially free of impurities. The electrochemical cell may further include an electrolyte and a layer of protective material disposed between the electrolyte and the metal film. A process for manufacturing an electrode is further disclosed including preparing a metal film comprising a clean metal substantially free of impurities and depositing a layer of protective material on to the metal film.