Abstract: An emission enhancement structure having at least one energy augmentation structure; and an energy converter capable of receiving energy from an energy source, converting the energy and emitting therefrom a light of a different energy than the received energy. The energy converter is disposed in a vicinity of the at least one energy augmentation structure such that the emitted light is emitted with an intensity larger than if the converter were remote from the at least one energy augmentation structure. Also described are various uses for the energy emitters, energy augmentation structures and energy collectors in a wide array of fields, particularly medical uses for treatment of cell proliferation disorders.

Abstract: A kit for use in performing a cancer treatment, having a vial containing a phosphor-containing drug activator, wherein the phosphor-containing drug activator is present in the vial at a dosage level that is correlated with a size of tumor to be treated, and a container containing the vial; wherein the phosphor-containing drug activator contains an admixture of two or more phosphors capable of emitting ultraviolet and visible light upon interaction with x-rays; where the two or more phosphors include Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ and (3Ca3(PO4)2Ca(F, Cl)2:Sb3+, Mn2+) at a ratio (Zn2SiO4:Mn2+):(3Ca3(PO4)2Ca(F, Cl)2:Sb3+, Mn2+)) of from 1:10 to 10:1; wherein each of the two or more phosphors have at least one coating selected from an ethyl cellulose coating and a diamond-like carbon coating.

Abstract: An emission enhancement structure having at least one energy augmentation structure; and an energy converter capable of receiving energy from an energy source, converting the energy and emitting therefrom a light of a different energy than the received energy. The energy converter is disposed in a vicinity of the at least one energy augmentation structure such that the emitted light is emitted with an intensity larger than if the converter were remote from the at least one energy augmentation structure. Also described are various uses for the energy emitters, energy augmentation structures and energy collectors in a wide array of fields, including various adhesives applications.

Abstract: An emission enhancement structure having at least one energy augmentation structure; and an energy converter capable of receiving energy from an energy source, converting the energy and emitting therefrom a light of a different energy than the received energy. The energy converter is disposed in a vicinity of the at least one energy augmentation structure such that the emitted light is emitted with an intensity larger than if the converter were remote from the at least one energy augmentation structure. Also described are various uses for the energy emitters, energy augmentation structures and energy collectors in a wide array of fields, such as color enhancement, and color enhancement structures containing the same.

Abstract: An emission enhancement structure having at least one energy augmentation structure; and an energy converter capable of receiving energy from an energy source, converting the energy and emitting therefrom a light of a different energy than the received energy. The energy converter is disposed in a vicinity of the at least one energy augmentation structure such that the emitted light is emitted with an intensity larger than if the converter were remote from the at least one energy augmentation structure. Also described are various uses for the energy emitters, energy augmentation structures and energy collectors in a wide array of fields, especially in the field of solar cells and other energy conversion devices.

Abstract: A method for treating a diseased site in a human or animal body is provided which includes injecting in a diseased site one or more phosphors which are capable of emitting ultraviolet or visible light into the body; infusing the diseased site with a photoactivatable drug; applying an initiation energy from an initiation energy source comprising an x-ray, gamma ray, or electron source to thereby initiate emission of ultraviolet or visible light into the body; and controlling a dose of the initiation energy with a processor to produce (i) a cytotoxicity inside the diseased site of greater than 20% or (ii) a day-25 stable tumor volume, wherein the processor is programmed to apply the initiation energy in a pulsed manner, wherein the initiation energy is delivered in either (i) a radiograph mode, or (ii) a pulsed fluoroscopy mode.

Abstract: A light emitting composition including first color emitters and second color emitters. The first color emitters are configured to emit, upon exposure to an energy source, visible light at a target color in response to absorption of energy across a first band of wavelengths. The second color emitters are configured to emit, upon exposure to the energy source, visible light at the target color in response to absorption of energy across a second band of wavelengths. The light intensity observable at the target color is enhanced relative to reflected white light without emission from the first and second color emitters. The light emitting composition can be a part of a paint, an ink, a fabric, a thread, a road sign, a highway marking, an automobile, a boat, a plane, a reflector, a building product, a concrete product, an epoxy product, a jewelry product, colored contact lens, a candle product, a rubber product, a plastic product, or other colored surface.

Abstract: An emission enhancement structure having at least one energy augmentation structure; and an energy converter capable of receiving energy from an energy source, converting the energy and emitting therefrom a light of a different energy than the received energy. The energy converter is disposed in a vicinity of the at least one energy augmentation structure such that the emitted light is emitted with an intensity larger than if the converter were remote from the at least one energy augmentation structure. Also described are various uses for the energy emitters, energy augmentation structures and energy collectors in a wide array of fields, including various adhesives applications.

Abstract: An emission enhancement structure having at least one energy augmentation structure; and an energy converter capable of receiving energy from an energy source, converting the energy and emitting therefrom a light of a different energy than the received energy. The energy converter is disposed in a vicinity of the at least one energy augmentation structure such that the emitted light is emitted with an intensity larger than if the converter were remote from the at least one energy augmentation structure. Also described are various uses for the energy emitters, energy augmentation structures and energy collectors in a wide array of fields, such as color enhancement, and color enhancement structures containing the same.

Abstract: An emission enhancement structure having at least one energy augmentation structure; and an energy converter capable of receiving energy from an energy source, converting the energy and emitting therefrom a light of a different energy than the received energy. The energy converter is disposed in a vicinity of the at least one energy augmentation structure such that the emitted light is emitted with an intensity larger than if the converter were remote from the at least one energy augmentation structure. Also described are various uses for the energy emitters, energy augmentation structures and energy collectors in a wide array of fields, especially in the field of solar cells and other energy conversion devices.

Abstract: A light emitting composition including first color emitters and second color emitters. The first color emitters are configured to emit, upon exposure to an energy source, visible light at a target color in response to absorption of energy across a first band of wavelengths. The second color emitters are configured to emit, upon exposure to the energy source, visible light at the target color in response to absorption of energy across a second band of wavelengths. The light intensity observable at the target color is enhanced relative to reflected white light without emission from the first and second color emitters. The light emitting composition can be a part of a paint, an ink, a fabric, a thread, a road sign, a highway marking, an automobile, a boat, a plane, a reflector, a building product, a concrete product, an epoxy product, a jewelry product, colored contact lens, a candle product, a rubber product, a plastic product, or other colored surface.

Abstract: Methods of treating a subject are provided, involving providing a first region of biological material coupled to the subject; initiating a change in a cellular environment of the cells in the first region; and due to a change in biological or chemical activity of the cells in the first region, inducing a biological change in a second region inside the subject, along with various biophoton collectors and biophoton bypasses useful for implementing a variety of the method embodiments.

Abstract: A polymerizable composition includes at least one monomer, a photoinitiator capable of initiating polymerization of the monomer when exposed to light, and a phosphor capable of producing light when exposed to radiation (typically X-rays). The material is particularly suitable for bonding components at ambient temperature in situations where the bond joint is not accessible to an external light source. An associated method includes: placing a polymerizable adhesive composition, including a photoinitiator and energy converting material, such as a down-converting phosphor, in contact with at least two components to be bonded to form an assembly; and, irradiating the assembly with radiation at a first wavelength, capable of conversion (down-conversion by the phosphor) to a second wavelength capable of activating the photoinitiator, to prepare items such as inkjet cartridges, wafer-to-wafer assemblies, semiconductors, integrated circuits, and the like.

Abstract: A system and method for imaging or treating a disease in a human or animal body. The system provides to the human or animal body a pharmaceutical carrier including one or more phosphors which are capable of emitting ultraviolet or visible light into the body and which provide x-ray contrast. The system includes one or more devices which infuse a diseased site with a photoactivatable drug and the pharmaceutical carrier, an initiation energy source comprising an x-ray or high energy source which irradiates the diseased site with at least one of x-rays, gamma rays, or electrons to thereby initiate emission of said ultraviolet or visible light into the body, and a processor programmed to at least one of 1) produce images of the diseased site or 2) control a dose of said x-rays, gamma rays, or electrons to the diseased site for production of said ultraviolet or visible light at the diseased site to activate the photoactivatable drug.

Abstract: A system and method for imaging or treating a disease in a human or animal body. The system provides to the human or animal body a pharmaceutical carrier including one or more phosphors which are capable of emitting ultraviolet or visible light into the body and which provide x-ray contrast. The system includes one or more devices which infuse a diseased site with a photoactivatable drug and the pharmaceutical carrier, an initiation energy source comprising an x-ray or high energy source which irradiates the diseased site with at least one of x-rays, gamma rays, or electrons to thereby initiate emission of said ultraviolet or visible light into the body, and a processor programmed to at least one of 1) produce images of the diseased site or 2) control a dose of said x-rays, gamma rays, or electrons to the diseased site for production of said ultraviolet or visible light at the diseased site to activate the photoactivatable drug.

Abstract: Methods of treating a subject are provided, involving providing a first region of biological material coupled to the subject; initiating a change in a cellular environment of the cells in the first region; and due to a change in biological or chemical activity of the cells in the first region, inducing a biological change in a second region inside the subject, along with various biophoton collectors and biophoton bypasses useful for implementing a variety of the method embodiments.

Abstract: A system (and associated method) for treating a human or animal body. The system has a photoactivatable drug for treating a first diseased site, a first pharmaceutically acceptable carrier including one or more phosphorescent or fluorescent agents which are capable of emitting an activation energy into the body which activates the photoactivatable drug, a first device which infuses the first diseased site with a photoactivatable drug and the first pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, a first energy source which irradiates the diseased site with an initiation energy to thereby initiate emission of the activation energy into the body, and a supplemental treatment device which administers one or both of a therapeutic drug or radiation to the body at a second diseased site or the first diseased site, to provide an immune system stimulation in the body.

Abstract: A method and system for treating a subject with a disorder which provides within the subject at least one photoactivatable drug for treatment of the subject, applies initiation energy from at least one source to generate inside the subject a preferential x-ray flux for generation of Cherenkov radiation (CR) light capable of activating at least one photoactivatable drug, and from the CR light, activating inside the subject the at least one photoactivatable drug to thereby treat the disorder.

Abstract: Methods and systems for producing a change in a medium. A first method and system (1) place in a vicinity of the medium at least one upconverter including a gas for plasma ignition, with the upconverter being configured, upon exposure to initiation energy, to generate light for emission into the medium, and (2) apply the initiation energy from an energy source including the first wavelength ?1 to the medium, wherein the emitted light directly or indirectly produces the change in the medium. A second method and system (1) place in a vicinity of the medium an agent receptive to microwave radiation or radiofrequency radiation, and (2) apply as an initiation energy the microwave radiation or radiofrequency radiation by which the agent directly or indirectly generates emitted light in the infrared, visible, or ultraviolet range to produce at least one of physical and biological changes in the medium.

Abstract: Products, compositions, systems, and methods for modifying a target structure which mediates or is associated with a biological activity, including treatment of conditions, disorders, or diseases mediated by or associated with a target structure, such as a virus, cell, subcellular structure or extracellular structure. The methods may be performed in situ in a non-invasive manner by placing a nanoparticle having a metallic shell on at least a fraction of a surface in a vicinity of a target structure in a subject and applying an initiation energy to a subject thus producing an effect on or change to the target structure directly or via a modulation agent. The nanoparticle is configured, upon exposure to a first wavelength ?1, to generate a second wavelength ?2 of radiation having a higher energy than the first wavelength ?1.