Abstract: A method for estimating the phase in a digital communication system, comprising the steps of: receiving and storing a block of observations Yk; executing at least one phase locked loop (PLL) on a predetermined sequence of observations extracted from said block. Each PLL provides an intermediate value, combining both intermediate values makes it possible to provide a sharpened phase estimate. The method allows realization of an improved phase estimator based on the simplicity of phase locked loops.

Abstract: The present invention relates to gene expression profiles, microarrays comprising nucleic acid sequences representing gene expression profiles and new diagnostic kits and methods. The invention further relates to treatment of specific populations of, for example, cancer patients, as characterised by their gene expression profile, suffering from Mage expressing tumours.

Abstract: A method decodes a noisy signal from the coordinates of a point in a point constellation, each point associated with a digital data item of a determined number of bits, consisting of determining components of a received point; determining a reference point corresponding to the constellation point closest to the received point; determining at least one concurrent point corresponding to the constellation point closest to the reference point, having a bit of determined rank opposite to the bit of determined rank of the reference data; and determining, at least for the bit of the reference digital data at said determined rank, a precision data item based the received, reference, and concurrent points, in which the determination of the bits of the concurrent point is performed based on the values of some of the bits of the reference digital data and on said rank.

Abstract: A modulation process for a digital transmission system having an error correcting code and determination of the number of bits to load on a transmission channel. The process judiciously associates a coder for introducing redundancy to the binary information, an interleaver for suppression the correlation to the encoded information and a labeling of the same based on a GRAY type coding in order to associate the said binary information with points of a constellation which is selected among a predetermined set of constellations. The process achieves a precise determination of the order and size of the constellation to utilize and, therefore, the computation of the bit loading as a function of the signal to noise ratio measured in reception and as a function of the bit error rate Pbit at the output of the receiver. The process is well adapted to the Multi Tone transmission system, and to the use of turbo codes.

Abstract: A method for estimating the phase in a digital communication system, comprising the steps of: receiving and storing a block of observations Yk; executing at least one phase locked loop (PLL) on a predetermined sequence of observations extracted from said block. Each PLL provides an intermediate value, combining both intermediate values makes it possible to provide a sharpened phase estimate. The method allows realization of an improved phase estimator based on the simplicity of phase locked loops.

Abstract: A method decodes a noisy signal from the coordinates of a point in a point constellation, each point associated with a digital data item of a determined number of bits, consisting of determining components of a received point; determining a reference point corresponding to the constellation point closest to the received point; determining at least one concurrent point corresponding to the constellation point closest to the reference point, having a bit of determined rank opposite to the bit of determined rank of the reference data; and determining, at least for the bit of the reference digital data at said determined rank, a precision data item based the received, reference, and concurrent points, in which the determination of the bits of the concurrent point is performed based on the values of some of the bits of the reference digital data and on said rank.

Abstract: A modulation process for a digital transmission system having an error correcting code and determination of the number of bits to load on a transmission channel. The process judiciously associates a coder for introducing redundancy to the binary information, an interleaver for suppression the correlation to the encoded information and a labeling of the same based on a GRAY type coding in order to associate the said binary information with points of a constellation which is selected among a predetermined set of constellations. The process achieves a precise determination of the order and size of the constellation to utilize and, therefore, the computation of the bit loading as a function of the signal to noise ratio measured in reception and as a function of the bit error rate Pbit at the output of the receiver. The process is well adapted to the Multi Tone transmission system, and to the use of turbo codes.