Abstract: Apparatus for use in a multi-stage system in which a fluid being treated is passed in succession through a first stage A, a second stage B, a third stage C, etc. includes a controlled system of valved interconnections that permits the direction of flow within each stage to be reversed while preserving the original sequence ABC . . . in which the fluid progresses from stage to stage. The stages may be reaction chambers in which chemical or photo-chemical reactions are carried out or the stages may be filters that need to be reverse-flushed at intervals. In accordance with the invention, a second set of inter-stage connections is provided, in addition to the original connections used for forward flow. In the second set, the inlet and outlet ports are located at opposite ends of each stage from the inlet and outlet ports used in the original connections.

Abstract: A fluid sampling apparatus is disclosed for withdrawing samples of groundwater or other fluids from a well or other monitoring site. The apparatus preferably includes pump means, conduit means and a wellhead assembly that are substantially permanently installed at such well or monitoring site and are thereby dedicated thereto in order to avoid or minimize cross-contamination of samples from site to site. The apparatus preferably also includes a removable and portable controller means adapted for easy and convenient transportation and connection to such dedicated fluid sampling components at various wells or monitoring sites.

Abstract: A closed loop waste treatment and water recycling system that includes a delivery system, an anoxic reactor, an aerobic digestion chamber, a filtering system, an adsorption system, a disinfecting system and a water return system. The delivery system includes one or more flush-type toilets and urinals which receive flush water from the water return system and deliver the toilet and urinal waste and flush water to the anoxic reactor. The anoxic reactor contains bacteria which utilizes organics in the toilet waste to convert oxidized nitrogen compounds, such as nitrates, to nitrogen gas, produce bicarbonates and other products. The bacteria, in accomplishing this, lower the organic load on subsequent processes.