Abstract: A compound for spacing nonlinear optical chromophores of the Formula I and the commercially acceptable salts, solvates and hydrates thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, W, X, Y, Z, Q1, Q2, Q4 and L have the definitions provided herein.

Abstract: A compound for spacing nonlinear optical chromophores of the Formula I and the commercially acceptable salts, solvates and hydrates thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, W, X, Y, Z, Q1, Q2, Q4 and L have the definitions provided herein.

Abstract: A compound for spacing nonlinear optical chromophores of the Formula I and the commercially acceptable salts, solvates and hydrates thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, W, X, Y, Z, Q1, Q2, Q4 and L have the definitions provided herein.

Abstract: A compound for spacing nonlinear optical chromophores of the Formula I and the commercially acceptable salts, solvates and hydrates thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, W, X, Y, Z, Q1, Q2, Q4 and L have the definitions provided herein.

Abstract: NLO chromophores of the form of Formula (I): and the acceptable salts, solvates and hydrates thereof, wherein Z1-4, X1-4, ?1-2, D, A and R have the definitions provided herein.

Abstract: NLO chromophores of the form of Formula I: and the commercially acceptable salts, solvates and hydrates thereof, wherein Z1-4, X1-4, ?1-2, D and A have the definitions provided herein.

Abstract: A compound for spacing nonlinear optical chromophores of the Formula I and the commercially acceptable salts, solvates and hydrates thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, W, X, Y, Z, Q1, Q2, Q4 and L have the definitions provided herein.

Abstract: NLO chromophores of the following general formula: wherein each R represents a spacer system or substituent moiety as disclosed herein.

Abstract: A compound for spacing nonlinear optical chromophores of the Formula I and the commercially acceptable salts, solvates and hydrates thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, W, X, Y, Z, Q1, Q2, Q4 and L have the definitions provided herein.

Abstract: NLO chromophores of the form of Formula (I) and the acceptable salts, solvates and hydrates thereof, wherein Z, X1-4, ?1-2, D and A have the definitions provided herein.

Abstract: NLO chromophores of the form of Formula I and the commercially acceptable salts, solvates and hydrates thereof, wherein Z1-4, X1-4, ?1-2, D and A have the definitions provided herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electroactive compounds capable of undergoing a change in light absorption and refraction due to an applied electric field and a permanent change in refraction due to exposure to predetermined bands of optical radiation. The present invention also relates to electroactive compositions containing such electroactive compounds, electrooptical components comprised of such electroactive compositions and electrooptical devices comprised of such electrooptical components, as well as novel processes of making the same.

Abstract: The production of 3-cyano-3,5,5-trialkylcyclohexanone from the reaction of 3,5,5-trialkylcyclohexenone and hydrocyanide at elevated temperature and in the presence of a catalytic amount of an onium cyanide, is disclosed herein.

Abstract: Diphenyl ethers of the formula ##STR1## wherein m is 1-3, n is 1 or 2, R is hydrogen, carboxy, carboxylate salt or ester, formyl oxime, cyano, alkyl, alkoxy, chloro, bromo, or N, N-dialkyl amino, are prepared by reacting a chloro-fluoro-benzotrifluoride of the formula ##STR2## wherein m and n are as defined above with a nitro-phenoxide of the formula ##STR3## where R is defined above, and M is a cation of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: Chloro-aromatic compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is CF.sub.3, OCF.sub.3, OC.sub.2 F.sub.5, CN, NCO, or COCl, m is 0 or 1, and n is 0 or 1 are prepared by the vapor phase chloro-denitration reaction of a chlorinating agent with a nitro-aromatic compound of the formula ##STR2## where R, m, and n are as defined above.

Abstract: Diphenyl esters of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen, carboxy, carboxylate salt or ester, formyl, cyano, alkyl, alkoxy, chloro, bromo, or N, N-dialkyl amino, are prepared by reacting a chloro-fluoro-benzotrifluoride with a nitro-phenoxide of the formula ##STR2## where R is defined above, and M is a cation of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: Anilino acids of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is H or a metal cation; R.sub.2 is hydrogen or lower alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, lower alkenyl of 2 to 5 carbon atoms, lower haloalkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms, lower haloalkenyl of 2 to 4 carbon atoms, or lower cycloalkyl of 3 to 4 carbon atoms, Y is hydrogen, chloro, methyl group, or trifluoromethyl group, and X is hydrogen, chloro, or fluoro are prepared by reaction of an aryl halide of the formula ##STR2## where X.sup.1 is chloro or fluoro and X and Y are as defined above with the proviso that when X.sup.1 is chloro, X is hydrogen or chloro, and when X and Y are both chloro, X.sup.1 is fluoro with an .alpha.-amino acid of the formula ##STR3## where R and R.sub.2 are as defined above.