Abstract: An additive manufacturing method, an additive manufacturing system (1200), a support material for additive manufacturing, an assembly of the support material and a structure material, and a product thereof are provided. The method comprises depositing, by a nozzle (1210a), a structure material into a support material based on a computer model of an object, thereby forming a portion of the object. Image data of at least the portion of the object can be obtained in-process by a detector (1240). The image data is compared to the computer model. Based on the comparison, the method can comprise modifying the computer model, modifying a print parameter, modifying machine path instructions for an additive manufacturing machine that comprises the nozzle, aborting the additive formation, indicating a discrepancy, indicating validation of the shape, or a combination thereof. The depositing of the structure material is repeated by the nozzle (1210a) as necessary to additively form the object.

Abstract: An accessory optic is described which enables a non-immersed, long working distance microscope objective to be used as a higher-power immersion objective. This is particularly useful for biological imaging of specimens in an index-matching clarification medium. The accessory approach is the opposite of conventional unitized immersion objective design and presents several advantages over conventional design. The front lens element of the accessory may be selected to have precisely the refractive index of the specimen immersion medium and the accessory may be designed for use with immersion media that are incompatible with conventional immersion objectives. A dual accessory enables two such modified objectives to be optimized for light-sheet microscopy.

Abstract: Image-based fire detection methods are provided which include analyzing a field of view based on a plurality of images, determining if changes occur, and analyzing whether any such changes are due to smoke-like material. Changes due to large objects are ruled out, and drift in the scene or shaking of the image collection device is accounted for by the method. The methods employ representing images of the field of view with quantifiable values and comparing to thresholds established for each event, and activating an alarm if changes due to smoke-like material are detected. The fire detection methods may also include monitoring a field of view for changes, and only performing the analysis on the images if changes are detected. The monitoring and validating stages of the methods include collecting images at different sampling rates for different amounts of information.

Abstract: A fire detection device is provided that has a camera that captures a reference image and a measured image. A processor compares intensity of the measured image to intensity of the reference image and uses this comparison to determine if an alarm is generated to indicate the presence of fire. The intensity of the measured image may be the total number of photons of the measured image, and the intensity of the reference image may be the total number of photons of the reference image. In other arrangements, the intensity may be measured between individual corresponding pixels of the reference and measured images.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for the measurement of signal intensity across a large dynamic range. The systems disclosed herein employ an iterative image collection strategy that utilizes structured illumination to achieve greater than 1,000,000-fold dynamic range measurements, representing a dramatic improvement over the prior art.

Abstract: Image-based fire detection methods are provided which include analyzing a field of view based on a plurality of images, determining if changes occur, and analyzing whether any such changes are due to smoke-like material. Changes due to large objects are ruled out, and drift in the scene or shaking of the image collection device is accounted for by the method. The methods employ representing images of the field of view with quantifiable values and comparing to thresholds established for each event, and activating an alarm if changes due to smoke-like material are detected. The fire detection methods may also include monitoring a field of view for changes, and only performing the analysis on the images if changes are detected. The monitoring and validating stages of the methods include collecting images at different sampling rates for different amounts of information.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for the measurement of signal intensity across a large dynamic range. The systems disclosed herein employ an iterative image collection strategy that utilizes structured illumination to achieve greater than 1,000,000-fold dynamic range measurements, representing a dramatic improvement over the prior art.

Abstract: Image-based fire detection methods are provided which include analyzing a field of view based on a plurality of images, determining if changes occur, and analyzing whether any such changes are due to smoke-like material. Changes due to large objects are ruled out, and drift in the scene or shaking of the image collection device is accounted for by the method. The methods employ representing images of the field of view with quantifiable values and comparing to thresholds established for each event, and activating an alarm if changes due to smoke-like material are detected. The fire detection methods may also include monitoring a field of view for changes, and only performing the analysis on the images if changes are detected. The monitoring and validating stages of the methods include collecting images at different sampling rates for different amounts of information.

Abstract: A fire detection device is provided that has a camera that captures a reference image and a measured image. A processor compares intensity of the measured image to intensity of the reference image and uses this comparison to determine if an alarm is generated to indicate the presence of fire. The intensity of the measured image may be the total number of photons of the measured image, and the intensity of the reference image may be the total number of photons of the reference image. In other arrangements, the intensity may be measured between individual corresponding pixels of the reference and measured images.

Abstract: In an improved optical microscope for observing a luminescent specimen, the specimen is excited by a single, on axis standing wavefield or multiple superposed series of standing wave fields. Then an image of the specimen is recorded and displayed. This specimen can be incrementally moved and additional images can be recorded and processed. Images of the specimen recorded when there are nodes or antinodes at the focal plane of the microscope can be combined by image processing to produce an improved image or set of images of the specimen. Also disclosed are improved standing wave microscopes having a phase conjugator, a transmitted light source, feedback stabilization, an extended light source for field synthesis or a beam contractor. A multiple wavelength light source can be used to view a specimen marked with multiple luminescent dyes.

Abstract: In an improved optical microscope for observing a luminescent specimen, the specimen is excited by a single, on axis or multiple superposed series of standing wave fields. Then an image of the specimen is recorded and displayed. This specimen can be incrementally moved and additional images can be recorded and processed. Images of the specimen recorded when there are nodes or antinodes at the focal plane of the microscope can be combined by image processing to produce an improved image or set of images of the specimen. Also disclosed are improved standing wave microscopes having a phase conjugator, a transmitted light source, feedback stabilization, an extended light source for field synthesis or a beam contractor. A multiple wavelength light source can be used to view a specimen marked with multiple luminescent dyes.

Abstract: In an improved optical microscope for observing a luminescent specimen, the specimen is excited by a time-multiplexed series of standing wave fields. Then an image of the specimen is recorded and displayed. This specimen can be incrementally moved and additional images can be created and combined. Images of the specimen can also be created when there are nodes or antinodes at the focal plane of the microscope. These images can also be combined to produce an improved image of the specimen.

Abstract: An optical microscope and a method are described wherein a luminescent specimen is located in, and illuminated by, a nodal standing wave field. Luminescence (fluorescence or phosphorescence) is excited in a series of parallel equispaced laminar antinodal zones separated by a series of dark nodal zones that span the specimen. By controlling the node spacing and phase of the standing wave field, a set of luminescence images of the specimen can be observed and recorded. Means can be provided for computing a three-dimensional distribution of light emitters within the specimen from this set of images.