Abstract: A machine for measuring the size of objects that are in motion in single file includes in one embodiment a collimated light beam that as a narrow horizontal width and a long vertical width. The light beam is pulsed ON and OFF at a 10 kilohertz rate but with the light being turned on only 30 percent of the time. The maximum shadow is cast by the maximum height of the object, and causes a minimum oputput voltage amplitude from a photodetector. This minimum output voltage is compared with a reference voltage to determine the object size. A direct digital readout may be obtained. Also, the size information may be passed to a microprocessor or similar device for use in sorting operations. In another embodiment a pair of collimated light beams are positioned about an aperture such that the beams are othogonal. An object passing through the aperture causes a loss of light to each photodetector. The voltage output of each photodetector is combined and averaged.

Abstract: A one-piece blank forms a liquid-tight carton having plural rectangular side walls sealed or integral with one another at adjoining side edges and flat end panels of polygonal shape, the carton facilitating ultrasonic scaling of the end walls to the side walls through a unique set of sealing tabs on the side and end walls. The process and equipment for sealing the end walls to the side walls permits ultrasonic heating and sealing after the carton is full of liquid through a compression of the sealing tabs of these walls between facing dies which are diagonally aligned in relationship to the side and end walls. The carton formed by this blank facilitates nesting of multiple cartons, one above the other.

Abstract: A one-piece T-shaped carton blank is disclosed which is utilized to form a rectangular cross-sectional container having its top and bottom end panels sealed in a plane substantially perpendicular to its sidewalls. The carton blank is formed having a definite dimensional relationship between its end panels and side panels to provide improved nesting of multiple carton blanks upon paperboard sheet stock in an alternating inverted side-by-side relationship. A pair of end sealing tabs extend along the top and bottom edges of the blank side panels. One of the end sealing tabs is separated from the top end panel and from a side sealing tab to prevent tearing and to permit the complete welding of the side sealing tab up onto the top end closure panel of the carton blank. This separation of the end sealing tab in combination with displacement of the hinge line of the top end closure panel downward provides a liquid-tight corner seal for the carton.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is disclosed for forming a liquid-tight container having a rectangular cross-section formed from a one-piece, T-shaped blank of paperboard material. The carton preferably includes an access flap and straw element on one side thereof which, when manually lifted, exposes an end of the straw element from which the contents of the carton may be consumed by a user. The apparatus is compact in nature, possessing relatively few transport mechanisms which advance the T-shaped carton blank through a plurality of work stations. A novel method and apparatus for serially applying the straw element and access panel to the carton blank is disclosed, wherein the straw element and a length of polyethylene coated Mylar tape is automatically bonded to the carton blank upon a rotating heat sealing and alignment drum.

Abstract: A one-piece T-shaped carton blank is disclosed which is utilized to form a rectangular cross-sectional container having its top and bottom end panels sealed in a plane substantially perpendicular to its sidewalls. The carton blank is formed having a definite dimensional relationship between its end panels and side panels to provide improved nesting of multiple carton blanks upon paperboard sheet stock in an alternating inverted side-by-side relationship. A pair of end sealing tabs extend along the top and bottom edges of the blank side panels. One of the end sealing tabs is separated from the top end panel and from a side sealing tap to prevent tearing and to permit the complete welding of the side sealing tab up onto the top end closure panel of the carton blank. This separation of the end sealing tab in combination with displacement of the hinge line of the top end closure panel downward provides a liquid-tight corner seal for the carton.

Abstract: A one-piece blank forms a liquid-tight carton having plural rectangular side walls sealed or integral with one another at adjoining side edges and flat end panels of polygonal shape, the carton facilitating ultrasonic sealing of the end walls to the sidewalls through a unique set of sealing tabs on the side and end walls. The process and equipment for sealing the end walls to the side walls permits ultrasonic heating and sealing after the carton is full of liquid through a compression of the sealing tabs of these walls between facing dies which are diagonally aligned in relationship to the side and end walls. The carton formed by this blank facilitates nesting of multiple cartons, one above the other.

Abstract: A self-guided automatic load transporter for moving cargo between two or more locations by following a buried energized conductor and including a body which occupies a volume of space substantially surrounded on four sides by an exterior wall and having its interior divided by a plurality of transverse and longitudinal internal walls of approximately the same height as the external wall, a pair of parallel fork pockets extending between two parallel sides of the exterior wall, three base plates welded to the bottom of a number of the internal walls forming several box-like enclosures accessible only from the top, the plates not entirely covering the bottom and leaving open a number of wells, a cargo plate or bed disposed on top of and covering the body, a lightweight safety bumper extending forwardly and sidewardly from a front end of the transporter which senses obstructions and causes the transporter to stop, independent, motor driven wheels mounted on a common beam axletree which is disposed in a rearward

Abstract: A stablized, true tracking trailer adapted to be cross-coupled with other true tracking trailers into a train, each trailer having a vehicle body including a cargo bed and having a fixed wheel and two castor wheels supporting the body, thereby providing a stable 3 point contact with the ground, a first and second pivotal connector attached proximate opposite corners of the first end of the body, and a third and fourth pivotal connector attached proximate opposite corners of a second end of the body for use with trailer cross-coupling linkage arms.