Abstract: A can end is punched from a sheet of material, formed and curled in a single station with a single movement of the punch. An intermediate axial peripheral wall is formed by the blanking punch and a cooperating die core ring. A pressure sleeve surrounding the die core ring has a chamfered inner edge which engages a peripheral edge of the blank at the lower end of the axial peripheral wall. While the formed end is held between the punch and the die, the pressure sleeve moves upward, forcing the peripheral wall outward into a recess, either in the blank punch or the die pressure sleeve, moving the metal outward into the curl. The curl is thus expansion formed rather than compression formed. The formed and curled end is removed from the assemblies by knockout rings.

Abstract: A hollow metal ball bat having a barrel of a relatively large diameter, a tapered intermediate portion and a handle portion of a relatively small diameter and method of making the same. The bat is formed from a metal tube, a section of which is initially enlarged in diameter and thereafter is drawn through an ironing die and then swaged down to an outside diameter smaller than the original tube diameter, to form the handle of the bat. An intermediate section of the tube is similarly reformed but to a tapered shape to provide an intermediate portion of the bat. The barrel of the bat may be left unchanged in the form of the original tube. The process can provide a completed bat having a substantially uniform wall thickness closely approximating the original wall thickness of the metal tube from which the bat is formed.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a bottle cap construction wherein a tear section is defined by score means in the bottle cap construction so that the tear section is initially integral with the remainder of the bottle cap throughout the entire juncture of the tear section with the remainder of the bottle cap. The tear section has at least one edge thereof extending from the top portion of the bottle cap to the free edge of the rim portion that is utilized to crimp the bottle cap to the open end of the bottle, a ring pull tab being secured to the tear section at the top portion of the bottle cap to facilitate the pulling of at least one edge of the tear section from the closure member to open the bottle.