Abstract: A system for quantifying fluorescence elicited on a substance or sample. The system has an excitation light source configured to direct light to an waveguide network. The network has a probe tip adapted to transmit excitation light to the sample and receive fluorescence light elicited from the sample. A detector is configured to receive fluorescence light from the waveguide network and output a signal corresponding to the fluorescence light power, and a control system including a memory component configured to store signal to noise ratio threshold values.

Abstract: A system for quantifying fluorescence elicited on a substance or sample. The system has an excitation light source configured to direct light to an waveguide network. The network has a probe tip adapted to transmit excitation light to the sample and receive fluorescence light elicited from the sample. A detector is configured to receive fluorescence light from the waveguide network and output a signal corresponding to the fluorescence light power, and a control system including a memory component configured to store signal to noise ratio threshold values.

Abstract: An optical system having at least two waveguides that are deformable to provide adjustments to dispersion and path length.

Abstract: A cascaded Raman laser (10) has a pump radiation source (12) emitting at a pump wavelength ?p, an input section (14) and an output section (16) made of an optical medium. Each section (14, 16) comprises wavelength selectors (141, 142, . . . , 145 and 161, 162, . . . , 165) for wavelengths ?1, ?2, . . . , ?n?k, where n?3, ?p<?1<?2< . . . <?n?1<?n and ?n?k+1, ?n?k+2, . . . , ?n being k?1 emitting wavelengths of the laser (10). The laser further comprises an intracavity section (18) that is made of a non-linear optical medium, has a zero-dispersion wavelength ?0 and is disposed between the input (14) and the output (16) section. The wavelengths ?1, ?2, . . . , ?n?k of the wavelength selectors (141, 142, . . . , 145 and 161, 162, . . . , 165) and the zero-dispersion wavelength ?0 of the intracavity section (18) are chosen such that energy is transferred between different wavelengths by multi-wave mixing.

Abstract: A cascaded Raman laser (10) has a pump radiation source (12) emitting at a pump wavelength &lgr;p, an input section (14) and an output section (16) made of an optical medium. Each section (14, 16) comprises wavelength selectors (141, 142, . . . , 145 and 161, 162, . . . , 165) for wavelengths &lgr;1, &lgr;2, . . . , &lgr;n−k, where n≧3, &lgr;p<&lgr;1<&lgr;2< . . . <&lgr;n−1<&lgr;n and &lgr;n−k+1, &lgr;n−k+2, . . . , &lgr;n being k≧1 emitting wavelengths of the laser (10). The laser further comprises an intracavity section (18) that is made of a non-linear optical medium, has a zero-dispersion wavelength &lgr;0 and is disposed between the input (14) and the output (16) section. The wavelengths &lgr;1, &lgr;2, . . . , &lgr;n−k of the wavelength selectors (141, 142, . . . , 145 and 161, 162, . . .