Abstract: A method for operating a decentralized application by users of a blockchain. In the method, a first user proposes a state change on a state channel anchored in a blockchain. If a confirmation of the state change by the other users on the state channel does not occur, the first user prompts the other users to confirm within a predefined time span on the blockchain. If the confirmation also does not occur on the blockchain, the state change is carried out at the blockchain.

Abstract: Devices and methods, in particular computer-implemented methods, for the communication of participants in a traffic infrastructure. A state channel, associated with a distributed ledger technology system, to a second participant is set up at a first participant, and a channel, associated with the state channel, to a third participant is set up at the first participant. A first instruction is sent to the third participant via the channel, such that if a second instruction of the third participant is received via the channel, and if the second instruction fulfills a condition that is a function of the first instruction, the first participant and/or the third participant are controlled as a function of the first instruction or as a function of the second instruction.

Abstract: A method for communicating data requests to one or more data sources. The method includes receiving a data request, with which data of one or more data types are requested, from an application, and checking the availability of one or more data sources that are able to provide the one or more requested data types. The method further comprises: if at least one of the one or more data sources is available, sending a request to the available data source for the requested associated data type that the data source can provide; and, if no data source is available for at least one of the requested data types, sending a request for this data type to a placeholder module.

Abstract: A method for communicating data requests to one or more data sources. The method includes receiving a data request, with which data of one or more data types are requested, from an application, and checking the availability of one or more data sources that are able to provide the one or more requested data types. The method further comprises: if at least one of the one or more data sources is available, sending a request to the available data source for the requested associated data type that the data source can provide; and, if no data source is available for at least one of the requested data types, sending a request for this data type to a placeholder module.

Abstract: A method, in particular, a computer-implemented method, for managing data associated with a product pool including at least two technical products, in particular, machines or vehicles, using a multiparty computation (MPC) process. The method includes the following steps: receiving first input data at at least one first MPC node, the first input data including operating data of the at least one first product, and receiving second input data at an at least one second MPC node, the second input data including operating data of the at least one second product, receiving further input data at one further MPC node, the further input data including the data associated with the product pool, calculating a distribution function based on the first input data, on the second input data and on the further input data, and outputting the distribution function.

Abstract: Devices and methods, in particular computer-implemented methods, for the communication of participants in a traffic infrastructure. A state channel, associated with a distributed ledger technology system, to a second participant is set up at a first participant, and a channel, associated with the state channel, to a third participant is set up at the first participant. A first instruction is sent to the third participant via the channel, such that if a second instruction of the third participant is received via the channel, and if the second instruction fulfills a condition that is a function of the first instruction, the first participant and/or the third participant are controlled as a function of the first instruction or as a function of the second instruction.

Abstract: A method for operating a decentralized application by users of a blockchain. In the method, a first user proposes a state change on a state channel anchored in a blockchain. If a confirmation of the state change by the other users on the state channel does not occur, the first user prompts the other users to confirm within a predefined time span on the blockchain. If the confirmation also does not occur on the blockchain, the state change is carried out at the blockchain.

Abstract: A method for operating a network, a proper subset of the nodes carrying out at least one special task. The method includes assigning a weight to each node, each node having the option as a donor node to conditionally or unconditionally delegate portions of its weight to recipient nodes. Based on the weight of each node, plus portions delegated to it and minus portions delegated by it, the proper subset of the nodes is selected, based on at least one predefined criterion. A portion of a donor node is conditionally delegated to at least two recipient nodes, under the suspending condition that the recipient node does not belong to the proper subset after the selection, and the same portion that is conditionally delegated to multiple recipient nodes is taken into account at most upon acceptance of one of these recipient nodes into the proper subset.

Abstract: A method for granting a credit from an issuer of the credit to a recipient of the credit via a payment channel. The method includes: the issuer and the recipient reach an agreement regarding a payment covering the credit from a payment service provider of the recipient to a payment service provider of the issuer; at least the amount of the credit is frozen on the payment channel for the issuer for an agreed-upon time allowed for payment, the payment service providers are registered; provided a confirmation of the payment takes place by at least one of the payment service providers within the time allowed for payment, the amount is automatically credited by the payment channel to the recipient or the time allowed for payment is extended; otherwise, the amount is automatically released by the payment channel for the issuer after the time allowed for payment elapses.

Abstract: A method for operating a network, a proper subset of the nodes carrying out at least one special task. The method includes assigning a weight to each node, each node having the option as a donor node to conditionally or unconditionally delegate portions of its weight to recipient nodes. Based on the weight of each node, plus portions delegated to it and minus portions delegated by it, the proper subset of the nodes is selected, based on at least one predefined criterion. A portion of a donor node is conditionally delegated to at least two recipient nodes, under the suspending condition that the recipient node does not belong to the proper subset after the selection, and the same portion that is conditionally delegated to multiple recipient nodes is taken into account at most upon acceptance of one of these recipient nodes into the proper subset.

Abstract: A method for trading on an electronic trading platform. The method includes the following features: trade orders of subscribers of the trading platform are given, a decentralized transaction database of the trading platform is managed that includes an order book, balances of accounts of the subscribers, and a zero-knowledge proof of a present state of the transaction database. On the basis of trade orders of the subscribers, starting from the current state, the transaction database is brought into a new state by a multiparty calculation.