Abstract: An apparatus and method for prevention and treatment of marine biofouling on a surface to be treated by the apparatus includes a body defining a cavity, the body terminating in a distal open end that is adapted, in use, to be in the vicinity of a surface to be treated such that the surface forms a first end wall of a chamber within the cavity; an acoustic transducer mounted within the cavity to form an opposite second end wall of the chamber, the acoustic transducer being adapted to cause acoustic pressure fluctuations; and a reservoir for a liquid, the reservoir including an inlet passage and a plurality of mutually spaced outlet passages for liquid flow from the reservoir into the chamber, the outlet passages at least partially surrounding the chamber in the vicinity of the distal open end.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a conical body defining a chamber configured to contain a liquid and having a nozzle located a front end of the conical body and configured to discharge a stream of the liquid, a rear wall positioned at a rear of the conical body and at least partially defining the chamber, an inlet in communication with the chamber for introducing the liquid into the chamber, an acoustic transducer positioned at the rear wall, the acoustic transducer configured to generate acoustic energy and to introduce the acoustic energy into the liquid contained in the chamber, and an exhaust system including a vent in communication with the chamber to remove a mixture of liquid and gas bubbles from the chamber, an exhaust leading away from the vent, and an outlet in communication with the exhaust and configured to discharge the liquid and gas bubbles into or adjacent to the stream.