Abstract: The invention relates to a polypropylene composition which combines low sealing initiation temperature (SIT) and high melting point (Tm), thus having a broad sealing window.

Abstract: Polypropylene composition comprising (A) 60 to 95 wt % of a heterophasic polypropylene (HECO) comprising 10 to 30 wt % of dispersed phase with the dispersed phase having a comonomer content of 30 to 45 wt % and the HECO having a melt flow rate MFRPP in the range of 12 to 200 g/10 min and being prepared in the presence of a Ziegler Natta catalyst (ZN-C), (B) 0 to 15 wt % of one or more elastomers, (C) 5 to 20 wt % of at least one filler wherein the polypropylene composition fulfils inequation (1) fogging?0.02 MFRComp+0.3. The composition allows for a well-balanced combination of a good impact/stiffness balance, a good scratch resistance, low VOC and FOG emissions and remarkable good fogging values.

Abstract: High flow nucleated heterophasic polyolefin compositions comprising a matrix comprising a propylene homo- and/or copolymer and an elastomeric alpha-olefin copolymer phase dispersed in the matrix, which have rather high melt flow rate, improved impact strength but also an excellent impact/stiffness balance and a process for the preparation of such a heterophasic polyolefin composition, articles made therefrom and uses of the heterophasic polyolefin composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to propylene polymer compositions comprising 45-79 parts per weight of a propylene homo- or copolymer, 10-27 parts per weight of a first elastomeric ethylenepropylene copolymer, 5-22 parts per weight of a second elastomeric ethylene-propylene copolymer, 1-15 parts per weight of an elastomeric ethylene-1-octene copolymer and 5-15 parts per weight of inorganic filler. The propylene polymer compositions are suitable for injection molding of large articles, which do not show flow marks and which have a good impact strength/stiffness ratio.

Abstract: The invention relates to propylene polymer compositions comprising 45-79 parts per weight of a propylene homo- or copolymer, 10-27 parts per weight of a first elastomeric ethylenepropylene copolymer, 5-22 parts per weight of a second elastomeric ethylene-propylene copolymer, 1-15 parts per weight of an elastomeric ethylene-1-octene copolymer and 5-15 parts per weight of inorganic filler. The propylene polymer compositions are suitable for injection moulding of large articles, which do not show flow marks and which have a good impact strength/stiffness ratio.

Abstract: An apparatus for exactly positioning a medium mounted on a spindle is provided, whereby the apparatus comprises a device for continuously changing the angular position of said medium with respect to a predefined reference position by rotating said spindle. Additionally, the apparatus comprises a friction element for braking said spindle at a predetermined position, not allowing a swing back.

Abstract: An apparatus for exactly positioning a medium mounted on a spindle is provided, whereby the apparatus comprises a device for continuously changing the angular position of said medium with respect to a predefined reference position by rotating said spindle. Additionally, the apparatus comprises a friction element for braking said spindle at a predetermined position, not allowing a swing back.

Abstract: A suspension arm (300) of a disk storage device has an elastic portion (310) with thickness d1 and a rigid portion (320) with thickness d2. At the free end of the suspension arm, a slider (325) is mounted on the suspension arm. The bottom surface of the slider has a distance FH to a top surface of a hard disk (329). The suspension arm particularly comprises a heating element (330) disposed on the suspension arm. An electric current Ic flowing through electrical supply wires (350) causes the temperature of the suspension arm locally to rise and therefore its spring constant to decrease. Together with the force Fa resulting from the air cushion effect of the slider a new equilibrium flying height FH is stabilized.

Abstract: A method for in-situ measuring a temperature and/or temperature distribution within a slider due to local heat transfer is provided, whereby the slider is positioned above the surface of a rotating disk, and carries a sensor and/or write element, whereby the rotating disk is moving relatively to the sensor and/or write element, and whereby the shape of said slider is changed locally due to the temperature and/or temperature distribution. By measuring the shape changes of the slider, the temperature and/or temperature distribution can be calculated on the basis of the changes by means of numerical methods. The method may be used as an in-situ measurement in already existing testers, like, e.g., flying height testers. No additional hardware is required and studies of the slider near contact can be performed. In addition, information with respect to the flight height is obtained simultaneously.

Abstract: A method for indexing magnetic disks by using a scanning probe is disclosed. A magnetic disk includes several essentially concentric magnetic tracks. The magnetic disk is attached to a rotating spindle. A number of data tracks is then written in a specific circular arc at an inner radial position of the magnetic disk. The beginning or the end of the written data tracks is defined to be in a co-incident or in a defined relation to an index or trigger signal defined by the rotating spindle. The rotating spindle is stopped from rotation, and a scanning probe microscope is moved radially at a fixed rotating angle to a second radial position. A tip of the scanning probe microscope is moved towards a surface of the magnetic disk. At least one scan line is recorded and analyzed in order to determine if a magnetic track is imaged by the tip of the scanning probe microscope.

Abstract: A method for indexing hard disks by using a scanning probe is disclosed. A hard disk includes several essentially concentric magnetic tracks. A scanning probe is initially positioned at a first point located on a magnetic track to mark the first point as a first radial position index. Then, the scanning probe is positioned at a second point located on the magnetic track to mark the second point as a second radial position index. Next, the scanning probe is positioned at a third point located on the magnetic track to mark the third point as a third radial position index. A rotational center of a co-ordinate system is subsequently calculated according to the three radial position indexes. Finally, the co-ordinate system having the rotational center is utilized as a precise indexing system.

Abstract: A method for indexing magnetic disks by using a scanning probe is disclosed. A magnetic disk includes several essentially concentric magnetic tracks. The magnetic disk is attached to a rotating spindle. A number of data tracks is then written in a specific circular arc at an inner radial position of the magnetic disk. The beginning or the end of the written data tracks is defined to be in a co-incident or in a defined relation to an index or trigger signal defined by the rotating spindle. The rotating spindle is stopped from rotation, and a scanning probe microscope is moved radially at a fixed rotating angle to a second radial position. A tip of the scanning probe microscope is moved towards a surface of the magnetic disk. At least one scan line is recorded and analyzed in order to determine if a magnetic track is imaged by the tip of the scanning probe microscope.

Abstract: A method for in-situ measuring a temperature and/or temperature distribution within a slider due to local heat transfer is provided, whereby the slider is positioned above the surface of a rotating disk, and carries a sensor and/or write element, whereby the rotating disk is moving relatively to the sensor and/or write element, and whereby the shape of said slider is changed locally due to the temperature and/or temperature distribution. By measuring the shape changes of the slider, the temperature and/or temperature distribution can be calculated on the basis of the changes by means of numerical methods. The method may be used as an in-situ measurement in already existing testers, like, e.g., flying height testers. No additional hardware is required and studies of the slider near contact can be performed. In addition, information with respect to the flight height is obtained simultaneously.

Abstract: A suspension arm (300) of a disk storage device has an elastic portion (310) with thickness d1 and a rigid portion (320) with thickness d2. At the free end of the suspension arm, a slider (325) is mounted on the suspension arm. The bottom surface of the slider has a distance FH to a top surface of a hard disk (329). The suspension arm particularly comprises a heating element (330) disposed on the suspension arm. An electric current Ic flowing through electrical supply wires (350) causes the temperature of the suspension arm locally to rise and therefore its spring constant to decrease. Together with the force Fa resulting from the air cushion effect of the slider a new equilibrium flying height FH is stabilized.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cutter block and a knife for chippers for removing particles of wood, which are used for producing particle board and the like. The knife is embodied as a disposable discontinuous or multiple edge knife or as a solid blade knife. The knife has retention and guiding recesses engaged form-fittingly by positioning pins of a support plate. Further, the knife is in compressive contact with a side wall face, trailing in the direction of rotation of the cutter block of the recess in the surface region of the block body.

Abstract: A method of recovering a metallic aluminum from an aluminum-containing slag of an aluminum smelting process. In this method, the slag is crushed a number of times with each crushing product being separated by a screening off removing the metallic aluminum before the next crushing stage. Water-soluble components are then removed from the slag by leaching and the leaching solution is evaporated to enable recovery of these components.

Abstract: An apparatus for gasifying pulverized coal, the apparatus comprising a housing with a granulated slag discharge opening in a bottom of the housing, and a producer gas outlet opening in a lower part of the housing; a layer of thermal insulation lining the housing; a pulverized coal burner having a discharge area in the top of the housing; a layer of heat-resistant lining located above the producer gas outlet opening; a steam injection inlet; and a plurality of ducts arranged between the heat-resistant lining and the thermal insulation and extending between the steam injection inlet to the discharge area, each of the ducts having an outlet opening arranged at a level of the discharge area and an inlet opening arranged above the steam injection means. Steam is injected into the housing and the producer gas is cooled with a plurality of cooling medium supply nozzles arranged in the housing.

Abstract: An apparatus for gasifying coal dust has a housing provided with an output fitting for the removal of generator gas and an output fitting for the removal of granulated slag. An overflow maintains a body of liquid in the bottom of the housing and a coal-dust burner in the housing forms a downwardly moving coal-dust flame in an upper reaction zone of the housing. An annular tube wall in the housing upper and lower ends where its tubes are bent apart and form radially throughgoing upper and lower openings and at the burner and therebelow but above the generator-gas output fitting. This tube wall is radially gastight between its upper and lower openings and radially inwardly delimits an axially extending annular passage that is outwardly defined by the housing. Steam is fed to the upwardly directed lances in the passage to create in the housing a toroidal annular current of moving gas and steam rising in the passage and descending in the zones between the flame and the tube wall.

Abstract: The invention relates to burners for the gasification of pulverized coal--injected in a dense phase--with steam and oxygen, and it can be employed for coal gasification in the chemical industry. Objects of the present invention are to increase the reliability in operation of the burner and to improve the quality of the gas obtained from the gasification process. The burner should be designed in such a way that a reliable operation is attained under the conditions of the gasification process (e. g. high pressures and temperatures within the gasifier). The design of the pulverized-coal feeding device, the water-cooled jacket and the swirl chamber according to the invention are described in detail.

Abstract: The burner is formed of a tubular housing including a central tubular passage and a boundary annular passage for feeding into the gasification reactor under high speed a carburation medium such as oxygen or steam. At least three intermediate channels of coaxial annular sections are symmetrically arranged about the central channel and each communicates with a separate inlet conduit for feeding a mixture of powderized fuel with a carrier gas. The transition between the annular intermediate channel and the tubular inlet conduits is made such that the varying outline of the cross-section encloses the same area as the tubular inlet conduit or the annular section intermediate channel. The central tubular channel and the boundary annular channel for feeding the carburation fluid is configurated so as to divert one stream of the carburation fluid at an angle of about 45.degree. toward the axially directed jet of the powderized fuel mixture.