Abstract: In a process for fining oxide melts, comprising fining an oxide melt with gas generated electrochemically in situ in the oxide melt, oxygen is generated in situ electrolytically as the fining gas. Alternating, as well as direct, voltage may be employed.

Abstract: A hydrogen/oxygen fuel cell includes an electrolyte which is solid at room temperature, has opposing faces, conducts protons, and is comprised of at least one of (a) at least one oxide of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Group IVB, VB, VIB, and VIII elements of the Periodic Table, (b) silicon dioxide, and (c) at least one fluoride of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Group IIA and IIIB elements of the Periodic Table. Also included are a hydrogen electrode which is applied to one face of the opposing faces of the electrolyte, is hydrogen permeable, and is negatively charged in use; and an oxygen electrode which is applied to another face of the opposing faces of the electrolyte, is hydrogen permeable, and is positively charged in use. A hydrogen-containing gas chamber is provided so as to be in communication with the hydrogen electrode; and an oxygen-containing gas chamber is provided so as to be in communication with the oxygen electrode.

Abstract: The invention relates to a measuring device to measure the oxygen partial pressure, in particular, glass melts, comprising a platinum measuring electrode and a reference electrode arrangement. The reference electrode arrangement is placed in an outer pipe and contains a platinum reference electrode. The electrode protrudes into an oxygen-conducting solid electrolyte, through which an oxygen-containing reference gas flows. For ion-conducting contact with the melt, a rod-shaped contact element of oxygen-ion conducting material is inserted into the open lower end of the outer pipe. This contact element is immersed in the melt. To prevent the inflow of environmental vapors into the measuring space through leaks at this connecting point, the actual measuring arrangement is placed in a liner pipe of oxygen-ion conducting material whose lower end is in ion-conducting contact with the contact element by way of an oxygen-ion conducting powdered material.

Abstract: An electrochromic layer-set, operating with hydrogen, comprises a transparent substrate front face plate, at least two electrodes, at least one electrochromic layer, a hydrogen ion-storing layer, a hydrogen ion-conducting layer, a rear face in sealing relationship with the layer-set, directly following one of the two electrodes, there being a metallic layer between the rear face and the layer lying in front of the rear face (the electrode) or the rear face itself is formed by this metallic layer. The side of the metallic layer turned away from the substrate plate is optionally transformed into the oxide of the metal. For the application of such a metallic layer, the layer-set and a counter-electrode are immersed in an electrolyte containing the metal ions, with the electrode lying at the rear face of the layer-set being made the negative electrode.

Abstract: An electrochromic layer-set, operating with hydrogen, comprises a transparent substrate front face plate, at least two electrodes, at least one electrochromic layer, a hydrogen ion-storing layer, a hydrogen ion-conducting layer, a rear face in sealing relationship with the layer-set, directly following one of the two electrodes, there being a metallic layer between the rear face and the layer lying in front of the rear face (the electrode) or the rear face itself is formed by this metallic layer. The side of the metallic layer turned away from the substrate plate is optionally transformed into the oxide of the metal. For the application of such a metallic layer, the layer-set and a counter-electrode are immersed in an electrolyte containing the metal ions, with the electrode lying at the rear face of the layer-set being made the negative electrode.

Abstract: Electrochromic mirrors hermetically sealed from the ambient environment and comprising at least one electrode, at least one electrochromic layer, a reflector, at least one ion-conducting layer, and at least one ion-supplying layer which simultaneously is an ion-storing layer and is not identical with the reflector, wherein the ion-conducting layer consists essentially of an ion-conducting inorganic solid.

Abstract: An electrolyte glass for use as the solid electrolyte in high-temperature galvanic batteries, for example a sodium-sulfur battery. The glass electrolyte has relatively low resistivity and high corrosion resistance and is easily worked by glass manufacturing techniques. The composition of the glass electrolyte according to the invention is defined by xNa.sub.2 O.multidot.ySiO.sub.2 .multidot.zAl.sub.2 O.sub.3.