Abstract: The invention relates to advantageous processes for preparing heterologous proteins in prokaryotic host cells by improved codon use and/or expression of tRNAs which code for codons occurring rarely in said host cell.

Abstract: A method for identifying a nucleic acid which codes for a polypeptide factor affecting the covalent bonding of polypeptides to the surface of Gram-positive bacteria, comprising the following steps:

Abstract: A method for identifying a nucleic acid which codes for a polypeptide factor affecting the covalent bonding of polypeptides to the surface of Gram-positive bacteria, comprising the following steps: a) providing a sample of Gram-positive bacteria which can be genetically altered and contain or produce at least one enzymatic reporter substance which is or can become covalently bonded to the surface of the Gram-positive bacteria, said at least one reporter substance having a different enzymatic activity when not covalently bonded to the surface of the Gram-positive bacteria from that exhibited when it is covalently bonded to the surface of the Gram-positive bacteria; b) causing genetic alterations in Gram-positive bacteria of the sample; c) assaying the enzymatic activity of the reporter substance of the Gram-positive bacteria of the sample; d) separating Gram-positive bacteria which exhibit a different enzymatic activity of the reporter substance from that observed for covalent bonding of the reporter subst

Abstract: The invention relates to advantageous processes for preparing heterologous proteins in prokaryotic host cells by improved codon use and/or expression of tRNAs which code for codons occurring rarely in said host cell.

Abstract: A method is described for oxidatively decarboxylating a peptide, comprising combining a peptide with EpiD, wherein the peptide comprises at its carboxy terminus the amino acid sequence X.sub.1 X.sub.2 X.sub.3 X.sub.4 X.sub.5 X.sub.6 C, wherein X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3 and X.sub.4 are any one of the twenty common amino acids, X.sub.5 is Tyr, Val, Met, Leu, Ile, Phe or Trp, and X.sub.6 is Cys, Ala, Ser, Val, or Thr, whereby the oxidative decarboxylation of the peptide occurs.

Abstract: A bacterial host is described which is transformed by a plasmid coding for a polypeptide precursor wherein the host comprises a multi-enzyme complex capable of reacting with the expressed polypeptide precursor to produce a polypeptide comprising at least one dehydroamino acid and/or at least one lanthione bridge. A process for producing a polypeptide comprising at least one dehydroamino acid and/or at least one lanthione bridge, such as gallidermin, is also described. A plasmid capable of transforming a bacterial host is additionally described.Also disclosed are recombinant DNA molecules which specify Epi B, Epi C, Epi D, Epi P and Epi Q, enzymes which are involved in the biosynthesis of lantibiotic epidermin.

Abstract: A bacterial host is described which is transformed by a plasmid coding for a polypeptide precursor wherein the host comprises a multi-enzyme complex capable of reacting with the expressed polypeptide precursor to produce a polypeptide comprising at least one dehydroamino acid and/or at least one lanthionine bridge. A process for producing a polypeptide comprising at least one dehydroamino acid and/or at least one lanthionine bridge, such as gallidermin, is also described. A plasmid capable of transforming a bacterial host is additionally described.Also disclosed are recombinant DNA molecules which specify Epi B, Epi C, Epi D, Epi P and Epi Q, enzymes which are involved in the biosynthesis of lantibiotic epidermin.

Abstract: A new polycyclic peptide antibiotic termed gallidermin is disclosed and described, together with a process for producing such antibiotic by fermination of a new microorganism, Staphylococcus gallinarum (DSM 4616).

Abstract: In the process described, the electronic circuits (2) for the signal processing and the sensor structures to which they are coupled are manufactured side by side on the common substrate (1). The process is characterized by the following steps: manufacture of the electronic circuits on the substrate (1) by known semiconductor techniques; application to the surface of the substrate (1) of a galvanic electrode layer (7), which may or may not be structured; application on the substrate surface containing the electrode layer of an X-ray resist layer (8), the thickness of which corresponds to a characteristic height of the sensor structures to be produced; production of negatives (10, 11) of the sensor structures in this resist layer (8) by X-ray lithography: galvanic deposition of a metal (12, 13) or a metal alloy in the negatives (10, 11) of the sensor structures using the galvanic electrode layer; division of the substrate with the sensor structures applied thereto into separate functional units or chips.

Abstract: The invention concerns a DNA which contains(1) at least one of the two regions of the nucleotide sequence SEQ ID NO:1 coding for a protein with a Sau3AI methylase activity or for a protein with a Sau3AI endonuclease activity.(2) a sequence corresponding to the DNA from (1) within the scope of the degeneration of the genetic code or(3) a sequence which hybridizes under stringent hybridization conditions with a DNA from (1) or (2).In addition a vector is disclosed which contains a DNA according to the present invention, in particular under the control of a regulatable closed promoter, as well as microorganisms which are transformed with one or several vectors according to the present invention and the isolation of recombinant Sau3AI endonuclease from the transformed microorganisms.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new pyruvate oxidase which decarboxylates pyruvate with the formation of hydrogen peroxide, characterized in that it is active without the addition of FAD, TPP and divalent metal ions.The present invention also provides a process for preparing this new enzyme and a reagent containing it.

Abstract: Plural concentric, tubular electrodes are disposed in a cylindrical pressure vessel to establish therein plural, at least, partially serially connected cells in radial, spaced-apart relation. The tubular electrodes are either mounted in an insulative bottom layer of the vessel, or when closed at their lower axial ends, are nested with spacers inbetween. Various provisions are made for cooling and for equalizing the electric current density in the several cells or the volume of the cells is kept similar.