Abstract: A method for starting an internal combustion engine (4) in a vehicle equipped with an electrodynamic drive system (2), which is comprised of an electric motor (24) and a planetary transmission (14) between the internal combustion engine (4) and a manual transmission (6) with an input shaft (28), provides that first the electric motor (24) is accelerated to a speed that is fundamentally sufficient to start the internal combustion engine (4); this is followed by a controlled closing of a brake (32) designed to halt the rotation of the input shaft (28) of the manual transmission (6) against a stationary housing component (34), whereby a level of torque that represents the sum of electromotive torque and rotational torque of the rotating components acts upon the internal combustion engine (4).

Abstract: An electrodynamic drive system (2) for a vehicle having, between a drive source (4)and a transmission (16), a planetary gear drive (12) which incorporates three elements, namely, a sun gear (50), an internal gear (10) and a planetary gear carrier (32). A first element (32) is connected to the transmission (16), a second element (10) is connected to the drive source (4) and a third element (50) is bound to at least one electric motor (22), thus an abrasion-free starting element is formed for the vehicle.

Abstract: A multi-gear, manual transmission, especially for utility vehicles, with at least partially automatized gear shifting or with a manual gear shift, in which the gear synchronization is carried out by motor guidance and wherein the transmission possesses a forward shift-group, a main-shift-group and a post shift-group, whereby the pre-shift-group is designed as a planetary gear set (2P) and a support member of the planetary gear set is constructed as a friction brake, which is active in the slow gear-shift position and thereby assumes the function of a start-up clutch.

Abstract: A method for starting an internal combustion engine (4) in a vehicle equipped with an electrodynamic drive system (2), which is comprised of an electric motor (24) and a planetary transmission (14) between the internal combustion engine (4) and a manual transmission (6) with an input shaft (28), provides that first the electric motor (24) is accelerated to a speed that is fundamentally sufficient to start the internal combustion engine (4); this is followed by a controlled closing of a brake (32) designed to halt the rotation of the input shaft (28) of the manual transmission (6) against a stationary housing component (34), whereby a level of torque that represents the sum of electromotive torque and rotational torque of the rotating components acts upon the internal combustion engine (4).

Abstract: The invention relates to a system of structural shapes to build a line of products having gears of different total ratio or a different number of ratio steps. Transmissions (2) of vehicles consisting of three successively disposed partial gears (10, 22 40), a main gear part (22), a multi-gear split gear part (40) and a multi-gear group transmission (10) have for the split gear part (40) and the group transmission part (10) and the gear steps of each main gear part (22) in all structural shapes on all gear wheels (28, 32, 36) the same number of teeth with at least those gear wheel pairs (28-52-54, 32-50, 36-48) corresponding to the gear wheel pairs of the structural shape of the transmission (2) having the least number of gear steps.

Abstract: The method for manual shifting of a multi-section transmission which has at least one hand-shiftable main transmission with one input constant and one rear-mounted range change group consists in that the rear-mounted range change group is shifted to the neutral position during initiation of and prior to carrying out the shifting operation of the main transmission.

Abstract: Powershift transmission especially for tractors, constructed in sections with a multispeed main transmission, a reversing transmission and a range-change transmission with synchronizing clutches, with two power branches having two additional friction clutches which are structurally connected to a double clutch arranged coaxially with the free gears of the main transmission and axial between these free gears.

Abstract: A forced cooling friction brake or clutch apparatus which has a plate stack of interleaved plates including at least one plate rotatable with a shaft and axially shiftable thereon, and at least one plate axially shiftable on a housing. A pressure plate is axially juxtaposed with the stack and axially shiftable on the housing and defines a pressurizable compartment which can be subjected to fluid pressure to urge the pressure plate against the stack. An annular carrier on the shaft inwardly of the stack engages plates of the stack rotatable with the shaft, the carrier having an annular cavity opening axially to one side thereof and being formed with radial passages communicating with the cavity and opening toward the stack. A coolant channel is formed in the housing and opens toward the side of the carrier and into the cavity for delivering a forced flow of a coolant thereto.

Abstract: A friction clutch or brake includes at least one friction disk which is engageable by a piston to provide a braking effect of the disk. In order to cool the friction disk when the piston engages with the disk, a valve arrangement is arranged which injects oil onto the disk and through an opening provided in the disks. The actuation of the valve arrangement is provided in response to the piston, i.e. when the piston is moved towards the brake disks, the valve arrangement opens a channel through which the oil is injected toward the disks. In order to avoid a collection of oil in the vicinity of the disks after the braking action is terminated, the disks are provided with a toothed profile which discharges continuously oil to an external space and thus away from the friction disk. Thus no drag moments occur which are caused through oil adhering between the friction areas.

Abstract: A transmission which includes a hydrodynamic torque converter provided in the input side of a stepped gear transmission shiftable under load. The stator of a retarder is connected directly to a housing cover and a counterpressure valve, a lubrication pressure valve and a further valve for controlling the flow of the hydrodynamic unit and of the retarder are provided on this housing cover as well.