Abstract: The invention relates to a process and a device (1) for combined current limiting and circuit breaking and to a switchgear assembly with such a device (1). In a combined current limiter-circuit breaker (1) as claimed in the invention, a movable electrode (3, 3?) on the one hand for current limitation is guided automatically along one resistance element (5) for the current limitation path (31) by an overcurrent-dependent electromagnetic force (Fmag) and on the other hand for circuit breaking is moved into a series arrangement with an insulator (8). Embodiments include the following, among others: Use of the Lorenz force for automatic current limiting; movable electrode (3, 3?) implemented by liquid metal (3) or movable solid-state conductor (3?); an electrical resistance (Rx) which increases nonlinearly in the direction of motion (x) for a gentle current limiting characteristic; and a resistance element (5) in the form of a dielectric matrix (5) with several channels (3a) for the liquid metal (3).

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are disclosed for current limiting, as is a switchgear assembly having an apparatus such as this. Liquid metal is passed along a resistance element for the current limiting path, in order to achieve current limiting without any arcs for network-dependent short-circuit currents. Exemplary embodiments relate, inter alia, to: an electrical resistance, which rises non-linearly in the movement direction of the liquid metal for a soft current limiting characteristic, a resistance element in the form of a dielectric matrix having channels for the liquid metal, and a combined current limiter circuit breaker. Advantages are, inter alia, reversible current limiting and possibly current disconnection without arcs, also suitable for high voltages and currents, fast reaction times, low wear, and maintenance-friendliness.

Abstract: A process and a device are disclosed for current limiting and/or circuit breaking and a switchgear assembly with such a device. As claimed in the invention a liquid metal is moved by a dielectric fluid drive with a control between a first current path for the rated current (I1), a second current path for current limiting (I2) and optionally a third current path for current interruption (i=0), the working fluid acting mechanically with a definable drive pressure (p1, p2) directly on one surface of the liquid metal. Embodiments are, among others, the following: insulating gas or insulating liquid as the drive fluid; pressure drive with pressure vessels and valves or a piezodrive for the working fluid; and design criteria for the liquid metal arrangement, drive pressure (p1, p2) and piezodrive. Advantages are, among others, the following: reversible current limiting and current interruption, also suited for high voltages and current, fast reaction times, low wear and maintenance-friendly.

Abstract: A process for depositing optical layers of metal oxides on glass, ceramics or metals, by subjecting the substrate which is to be coated to a purifying pretreatment, purifying the aqueous sol of a metal oxide or a mixture of metal oxides, applying the aqueous sol or sol mixture to the substrate which is to be coated, and heat-treating the coated substrate at temperatures of from 100 to 550° C.

Abstract: The electrically and thermally conductive plastic contains a polymer and a filler embedded in the polymer, based on a semiconducting material having by doping a predetermined intrinsic electrical conductivity. The filler content is chosen such that the electrical conductivity of the plastic remains largely unchanged in the case of an increase in the filler fraction.This plastic is distinguished by high thermal and electrical--but nonmetallic--conductivity and can be used advantageously for embedding the carrier material of a laminate serving in electrical machine construction for supporting the stator windings of large rotating machines.

Abstract: A centrifugal pot spinning process for spinning yarn of classical character is provided in which either in one stage a fully twisted yarn or in a first stage a partially twisted yarn is spun in a centrifuge (6) and removed from it and, in the case of the partially twisted yarn, the remaining twist is imparted to the yarn in a second stage upon removal while being wound up. A centrifuge (6), a drawing frame (1), a piecing mechanism (2), and a traversing thread guide tube (4) are used. The centrifuge (6) rotates in a space (7) under reduced pressure (pu). Normal air pressure (pn) prevails inside the centrifuge (6) and spinning is carried out under normal air pressure (pn) inside the centrifuge. The reduced pressure (pu) is adjusted in such a way that, during rotation of the centrifuge (6), essentially only the bearing friction of the centrifuge still occurs but the air friction of the outer wall of the centrifuge (6, 35, 45, 53) against the housing (5') is largely suppressed.

Abstract: A vacuum centrifuge has a cylindrical centrifuge housing forming a vacuum chamber and a cylindrical centrifuge pot is coaxial with the vacuum chamber. An elongated hollow shaft extends externally and coaxially from the cylindrical centrifuge pot and forms a passage for an elongated thread carrier tube extending into the pot. At least one magnetic bearing and a motor surround the elongated hollow shaft. An annular wall connects a terminal end of the elongated hollow shaft to the cylindrical centrifuge pot and forms a boundary surface within the vacuum chamber in which the centrifuge pot is located.

Abstract: In order to make it possible to produce superconducting coils with small overall height, they are made from a plurality of coil subunits, optionally with a plurality of layers for each coil subunit, in particular in the case of the low-voltage coil of a transformer. The coil subunits contain as electrical conductor a high-temperature superconductor, around which a fibrous glass is spun and which is embedded in a glass-fiber reinforced epoxy resin or in a plastic. The coil subunits are placed around a transformer core in a cryostat.

Abstract: A method of cleaning window furnishings while located in their place of use, in which the furnishings are pushed together to form a vertically hanging block and a wetting medium is circulated from above. A cleaning washing medium is thereafter circulated from above, followed by a rinsing liquid also from above and over the window furnishings. The furnishings are then dried, and surplus fluids are collected at a base of the furnishings. All procedures are carried out while the window furnishings are hanging vertically in their locations of normal use. The wetting medium, washing medium and the rinsing liquid flow downward due to gravity with uniform velocity and cover the furnishings uniformly.

Abstract: In a method of cleaning window furnishing portions such as curtain slats, the window furnishing material to be cleaned is left in the installed condition of hanging on a runner rail or track, pushed together to form a block. Washing-action medium and thereafter rinsing liquid are circulated from above over the window furnishing material which is then dried after the rinsing operation. The apparatus includes a washing device adapted to be hung on the runner rail and has a casing which in use encloses the window furnishing material. A nozzle assembly of the device is thus disposed above the window furnishing material, for washing-action medium and rinsing liquid to be pumped over same, and a receiving trough is arranged below the material to receive the liquid therefrom.