Abstract: A direct current arc furnace has at least one anode movable into the furnace interior and at least one cathode also movable from above into the furnace interior, between which cathode and the inserted material or the melt an arc is produced. The anode contains a cooling system in its interior having a controller which cools at least the immersion region of the anode to a temperature which is lower than the temperature of the melt.This furnace device and the anode are utilized in methods for melting and heating of materials with advantage, at least the immersion region of the anode being maintained at a temperature which lies below the temperature of the melt.

Abstract: A device for nippling active electrode sections onto a combination electrode permanent upper section employing screw nipples to form the connection comprising an outer, essentially hollow cylindrical element and an inner hollow cylindrical element co-axially with in said outer element. The inner element is configured to couple with the connector element arranged on the upper end of the permanent section of said combination electrode. A drive is provided by means of which the inner element is rotatable in relation to the outer element around its axis.

Abstract: A device for the mechanical nippling up of electrode sections on an electrode positioned vertically in an electrode holder in an electric furnace, especially an arc furnace, by means of screw nipples forming the connection. The device comprises coaxial cylinders forming a coupling which can be coupled automatically or by control means with a connector element located on the upper end of the electrode section to be nippled up.

Abstract: The invention concerns an electrode for arc furnaces, especially for electrosteel production, comprising a metallic liquid-cooled upper shaft (1) and an exchangeable lower active portion (2) of self-consuming material, particularly graphite, whereby a securing means is provided which is electrically insulated against the current-conducting components (11) of the shaft (1) and said securing means detachably connects the shaft (1) with the active portion (2) as well as holding the contact surfaces of the active portion (23) pressed against the contact surfaces (14) of the current-conducting components (11) of said shaft.

Abstract: An electrode for fusion electrolysis comprising an upper portion (5) of metal and a replaceable lower portion (6) of self-consuming or of slowly self-consuming material which are interconnected by a screw-nipple (1) or the like, whereby the upper portion may have a cooling device with a feed duct (2) and a return duct (3) and the upper portion (5) has at least partially and preferably in its lower region a protective covering, whereby this covering is a detachably surmounted sheath (4) of mechanically resistant material, which is electrically conductive. The sheath can be sub-divided into individual segments, while the design of screw-mounted units with internal recesses for the acceptance of resilient, electrically conductive materials reveals especially favorable properties.

Abstract: Electrodes for arc furnaces comprising a top portion (5) of metal and a replaceable bottom portion (6) of material which is only slowly consumable, being substantially cylindrical shape and the portions being interconnected by means of a screw nipple (1) or the like and the top portion has a liquid cooling device with a header duct (2) and a return duct (3) and the top portion (5) is advantageously protected in the bottom region thereof by means of an insulating coating of high temperature stability representing a detachably surmountable moulding. An electrically conductive intermediate layer of high temperature stability can be provided between the insulating moulding and the top portion. The electrodes are only slightly trouble prone, have emergency operating properties, have a high mechanical stressability and are easy to repair.

Abstract: An electrode for arc furnaces comprising a top portion of metal and a replaceable bottom portion of a material which, when appropriate, is only slowly consumed having a substantially cylindrical shape and being joined each to the other by a screwmounting, for example by means of a screw nipple or the like. The top portion includes a liquid cooling device or means with a header and a return duct, and an insulating coating of high temperature stability. An inner part and an outer part of the top portion are constructed so as to be detachable each from the other. The inner part extends substantially adjacent the screw nipple and at least a portion of the inner part is provided with an insulating coating of high temperature stability, which represents a loosely surmounted moulding.

Abstract: An axially displaceable electrode holder for use in fusion electrolysis, for holding active parts of self-consuming or of slowly self-consuming material by a screw nipple or the like. The electrode holder can have a cooling means with an inflow channel and a return channel and at least partially and preferably in its lower area a protective layer. On its surface a contact arrangement is provided by means of which the electrode holder can be detachably connected to the power supply, while on said electrode holder a plurality of electrical and/or mechanical contact sites are detachably disposed, are made of pressure resistant material, and extend at least over one part of the area of axial displacement of said electrode holder. This electrode holder is distinguished by high operational capacity, flexibility in handling and good electrical properties.

Abstract: An axially movable electrode holder of metal, particularly copper or copper base alloy, for active parts of consumable or slowly consumable material, which are attachable by means a threaded nipple or a similar means. The electrode holder comprises a cooling unit with a supply and a return duct, and has at least partly, preferably its lower region, a protective coating and a contact arrangement on its sheath area by which the electrode holder may be connected to a current supply. The electrode holder further comprises a number of removably mounted electrical and/or mechanical contact moldings of pressure-resistant material extending over a length of the electrode holder which corresponds too at least a part of the length of an allowable tip consumption. The electrode holder, which is intended for use in the electric steel production, is characterized by a high reliability in service, good maneuverability, and good electrical properties.

Abstract: An arc furnace electrode for the production of electric steel, comprising a metallic top portion and a consumable, replaceable bottom portion threadably interconnected. The top portion is provided with coolant feed and return ducts and includes a protective covering. The protective covering is represented by a detachable surmounted sheath of electrically conductive heat resistant material. The sheath is subdivided into individual segments. The electrode includes internally disposed recesses advantageously accommodating elastic and electrically conductive materials especially advantageous properties.

Abstract: A coupling means for the suspension of electrodes for arc furnaces from a lifting appliance comprising: a controllable locking device detachably engaging a connector element attached to an electrode; an entry guide arrangement for guiding the connector element into a position for engagement by the locking device; and a suspension means for the suspension of the coupling means on the lifting appliance, and including shock-absorbing means permitting relative motion parallel to a direction of insertion of the connector element between the suspension means and the locking device.

Abstract: Electrode for arc furnaces, more particularly for electrosteel production, also using scrap, comprising a detachable top portion (5) of metal and a replaceable bottom portion (6) of material which is consumed, where appropriate only slowly, having substantially cylindrical shape and being interconnected by a screw nipple (1) or the like and the top portion has a liquid cooling device with a header duct (2) and a return duct (3) and an inner part (16) and an outer part (17) of the top portion are constructed so as to be detachable from each other, so that the inner part (16) contains the liquid conducting chamber with header duct and return duct and the outer part (17) surrounds only a portion of the inner part (16). The electrodes have a reliable coolant conducting system, are easy to maintain and can be simply repaired in the event of mechanical damage while minimizing electrode down times.

Abstract: A method of making special cokes according to which a mixture of from 50-90% by weight of an atmospheric distillation residue of a petroleum, e.g. a Pannonian petroleum, with a density of from 0.935-0.965 grams per cubic centimeter, a viscosity of from 2.8.degree.-4.3.degree. Engler at 100.degree.C, a sulfur content of from 0.85-1.10%, a coke value according to Conradson of from 5-7 %, an aromatics content of from 40-60%, an asphalt content below 1.8% with a boiling component of less than 20% within the temperature range of from 250.degree.-350.degree.C, and a content in ash forming elements of less than 0.05% is coked together with from 10-50% by weight of a catalyst-free catalytic residue obtained by catalytic cracking of a distillate low in ashes, e.g. gas oil, which last mentioned residue has a density of from 0.90-0.95 grams per cubic centimeter, a viscosity of from 2.5.degree.-3.2.degree. Engler at 50.degree.C, a sulfur content less than 0.6%, a coke value according to Conradson of from 3.5-4.