Abstract: The invention relates to a device for holding and fastening a bus bar (1) to a substrate (2), in particular to a metallic housing (10), having: a metallic supporting body (3) for supporting the bus bar (1) on the substrate (2), a thermally conductive and electrically insulating intermediate layer (4) for arrangement between the supporting body (3) and the substrate (2), a holding element (6) which can be fixed to the substrate (2) with the aid of a fastener (5), and a clamping and/or resilient element (7) for applying a preloading force to the supporting body (3) in the direction of the substrate (2) directly or indirectly via the holding element (6). The invention also relates to a metallic housing (10) having a device according to the invention.

Abstract: A combustion method for reciprocating internal combustion engines, in particular diesel engines, whose fuel injection system operates with pre-injection involves two pre-injections during a cold start phase, which are carried out prior to reaching top dead center of a piston. A first pre-injection is performed at approximately 25° CA before top dead center and a second pre-injection is performed at approximately 5° CA before top dead center. A crank angle interval ? of approximately 20° CA between the individual pre-injections and a crank angle interval ? of approximately 5° CA between the second pre-injection and a main injection, are maintained independently of the rotational speed.

Abstract: In a method for heating up the intake air of an internal combustion engine during the preglow phase or start-up phase, the heating power is controlled by a control unit of the engine electronics as a function of the operating data of the internal combustion engine. During the preglow phase, the heating element is initially supplied with full current until the heating element reaches its reference temperature. After the reference temperature has been reached and until the start-up phase, a post-heating phase begins in which the heating element is kept at a constant temperature by way of a relatively low power. During the start-up phase, in a first time period, the heating element is switched off, and in a second time period in which the speed of the internal combustion engine is raised to the starting speed, the heating element is switched on again.

Abstract: A method for heating up the intake air of an internal combustion engine (8) during the preglow phase or start-up phase by means of at least one electrically heatable heating element (12) in the intake line (10) of the internal combustion engine, the heating power being controlled by a control unit (13) of the engine electronics as a function of the operating data of the internal combustion engine, characterized in that during the preglow phase (1,2,3), the heating element (12) is initially supplied with full current (1) until the heating element reaches its reference temperature and in that after the reference temperature has been reached and until the start-up phase, a post-heating phase (2,3) begins in which the heating element (12) is kept at a constant temperature by means of a relatively low power, and in that during the start-up phase, in a first time period (4a), the heating element (12) is switched off, and in that in a second time period (4b) in which the speed of the internal combustion engine i

Abstract: In the method, the intake air for an internal combustion engine is heated both during the starting and/or warm-running phases by at least one electrically heatable heating element arranged upstream of the air inlet to the internal combustion engine and wherein the heating period for the pre-start is selected on the basis of the temperature of the cooling water of the internal combustion engine and the temperature of the unheated air taken in by the internal combustion engine, and the heating period for the post-start is selected independently of the pre-start heating time and selected solely on the basis of the cooling-water temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and apparatus for heating the intake air in internal-combustion engines by means of a flame starting system with at least one glow plug. The apparatus is controlled in such a manner that the glow plug is continuously preheated during a first time period and is operated in pulses in a following second time period and the glow plug is switched off after a safety time has elapsed. The glow plug is preheated after it has been switched off, taking into account the instantaneous glow plug temperature during the cooling and the voltage available in such a manner that the temperature required for a repeat start is reached within a narrow tolerance band.

Abstract: A flame-type heater plug for an internal combustion engine includes a plug housing having a proportioning insert for the fuel supply, a heater bar secured at one end in the plug housing with a free end extending outwardly of the plug housing, and an evaporation tube extending along a substantial length of the plug housing from the proportioning insert and surrounding the heating bar to form an annular interspace therebetween. The free end of the heater bar extends from the evaporator tube and is surrounded by a flame tube including passage orifices for passage of intake air into the interior of the flame tube. A helical swirl channel on the outer surface of the heating bar in the plug housing forms a fuel connection between the proportioning insert and the evaporator tube opening into the annular interspace. The passage orifices may be provided with deflectors to prevent direct contact of the heating bar by the air flowing therethrough.

Abstract: A process and device for heating the intake air in internal-combustion engines by means of a flame starting system is disclosed which contains at least one heater plug and has a control unit which supplies the heater plug with voltage for a specific preheating time.

Abstract: The invention relates to a flame-type heater plug for an air-compression fuel-injection internal-combustion engine, especially a direct-injection and superchargable internal-combustion engine. The heater plug includes a heater tube arranged in the course of a plug housing and protective tube and has an integrated first control coil at a level of passage orifices in the protective tube, heating coil and a second control coil arranged outside the protective tube at a side of the heating coil opposite the first control coil. A heater-tube portion which projects from the protective tube and is located in the flow path of the intake air in the suction pipe of the internal-combustion engine is provided in which the second control coil is arranged for further influencing the power of the heating oil.

Abstract: A control arrangement for a fuel-injected supercharged internal engine and, in particular, a diesel engine, with the control arrangement including a fuel injection pump. A control unit is provided for adjusting a fuel output of the fuel injection pump in dependence upon the combustion air delivered to the supercharger. To optimize the measurement of combustion air, the control unit is adapted to be influenced by instantaneous operating parameters such as the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine and rotational speed of the supercharger.