Abstract: A pipe elbow or bend has a pair of adjacent straight pipe sections joined together on one side of a center line of each pipe section, and a wedge shaped insert of a segment of pipe of the same diameter joining the straight pipe sections on the other side of the respective center planes, whereby a Y-shaped joint is formed in the elbow on each side of a plane of symmetry perpendicular to the center planes of the pipe section. The elbow may be formed by serving a straight pipe along a plane normal to the axis of the pipe on one side of the center plane thereof and along a pair of planes at acute angles to the axis of the pipe on the other side of the center plane, to form a pair of pipe sections and a pipe segment. The edges of the pipe sections formerly connected to the pipe segment are joined together, and the pipe segment is joined to the ends of the pipe sections at the other side of their respective center planes.

Abstract: Apparatus comprising an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder which are telescoped with respect to one another to define between them an annular treatment chamber in which materials, such as textiles, are treated with a fluid medium. The ends of the annular chamber are closed by radial flanges on one of the cylinders, and clearances are sealed by pressurized seals. Material to be treated is wound onto the inner cylinder, and fluid medium is circulated through the chamber while one cylinder is rotated and the other remains stationary. At the conclusion of treatment, one of the cylinders is moved axially with respect to the other so as to expose the inner cylinder for unloading and reloading. Novel T-shaped seals of rubberlike material are mounted within annular grooves in the cylinder flanges, with the head of the T forming a diaphragm and the leg of the T projecting toward the other cylinder.