Abstract: A method of processing of electrocardiogram includes the steps of providing an electrocardiogram comprising signals in at least two channels; selecting at least two frequency ranges of the signal in each of the said at least two channels; calculating an envelope for the signal in each frequency range in each channel; dividing the calculated envelope of the signal in each frequency range in each channel into QRS complex segment envelopes; and computing an average or median envelope as an average or mean of QRS complex segment envelopes for each frequency range in each channel.

Abstract: A method for anatomical diagnosis includes measuring, using a catheter that includes a position sensor and an electrode, over multiple cycles of a beating heart, electrical activity and mechanical motion at a plurality of locations contacted by the catheter on a heart wall within a chamber of the heart. Based on the measured mechanical motion, a magnitude of a mechanical strain is computed over the cycles at the locations. In one embodiment, the computed strain is used in identifying a group of the locations at which the magnitude of the mechanical strain is below a predefined strain threshold and a voltage of the electrical activity is below a predefined voltage threshold as a locus of scar tissue. In another embodiment, a pathological condition of the heart is identified based on a characteristic of the mechanical strain computed over the left ventricle during the diastolic phase.

Abstract: A method of processing of electrocardiogram includes the steps of providing an electrocardiogram comprising signals in at least two channels; selecting at least two frequency ranges of the signal in each of the said at least two channels; calculating an envelope for the signal in each frequency range in each channel; dividing the calculated envelope of the signal in each frequency range in each channel into QRS complex segment envelopes; and computing an average or median envelope as an average or mean of QRS complex segment envelopes for each frequency range in each channel.

Abstract: A method for anatomical diagnosis includes measuring, using a catheter that includes a position sensor and an electrode, over multiple cycles of a beating heart, electrical activity and mechanical motion at a plurality of locations contacted by the catheter on a heart wall within a chamber of the heart. Based on the measured mechanical motion, a magnitude of a mechanical strain is computed over the cycles at the locations. In one embodiment, the computed strain is used in identifying a group of the locations at which the magnitude of the mechanical strain is below a predefined strain threshold and a voltage of the electrical activity is below a predefined voltage threshold as a locus of scar tissue.

Abstract: A system for use during revascularization includes a catheter having an adjustable balloon for delivery a stent, one or more pacing electrodes for delivering one or more pacing pulses to a patient's heart, and a pacemaker configured to generate the one or more pacing pulses to be delivered to the heart via the one or more pacing electrodes. The one or more pacing pulses are delivered at a rate substantially higher than the patient's intrinsic heart rate without being synchronized to the patient's intrinsic cardiac contractions, and are delivered before, during, or after an ischemic event to prevent or reduce cardiac injury.

Abstract: A method for anatomical diagnosis includes measuring, using a catheter that includes a position sensor and an electrode, over multiple cycles of a beating heart, electrical activity and mechanical motion at a plurality of locations contacted by the catheter on a heart wall within a chamber of the heart. Based on the measured mechanical motion, a magnitude of a mechanical strain is computed over the cycles at the locations. In one embodiment, the computed strain is used in identifying a group of the locations at which the magnitude of the mechanical strain is below a predefined strain threshold and a voltage of the electrical activity is below a predefined voltage threshold as a locus of scar tissue. In another embodiment, a pathological condition of the heart is identified based on a characteristic of the mechanical strain computed over the left ventricle during the diastolic phase.

Abstract: In some examples, controlling delivery of CRT includes delivering ventricular pacing according to a sequence of different values of at least one of A-V delay or V-V delay, and acquiring one or more electrograms from respective vectors. For each of the different values of the at least one of A-V delay or V-V delay, at least one of a QRS amplitude or a QRS area may be determined based on the one or more electrograms, and a target change in QRS amplitude or QRS area between adjacent ones of the values of the at least one of A-V delay or V-V delay of the sequence may be identified. In response to the identification of the target change, the implantable medical device may deliver the ventricular pacing at a value of the at least one of A-V delay or V-V delay determined based on the identification to provide CRT.

Abstract: A method for anatomical diagnosis includes measuring, using a catheter that includes a position sensor and an electrode, over multiple cycles of a beating heart, electrical activity and mechanical motion at a plurality of locations contacted by the catheter on a heart wall within a chamber of the heart. Based on the measured mechanical motion, a magnitude of a mechanical strain is computed over the cycles at the locations. In one embodiment, the computed strain is used in identifying a group of the locations at which the magnitude of the mechanical strain is below a predefined strain threshold and a voltage of the electrical activity is below a predefined voltage threshold as a locus of scar tissue.

Abstract: In some examples, controlling delivery of CRT includes delivering ventricular pacing according to a sequence of different values of at least one of A-V delay or V-V delay, and acquiring one or more electrograms from respective vectors. For each of the different values of the at least one of A-V delay or V-V delay, at least one of a QRS amplitude or a QRS area may be determined based on the one or more electrograms, and a target change in QRS amplitude or QRS area between adjacent ones of the values of the at least one of A-V delay or V-V delay of the sequence may be identified. In response to the identification of the target change, the implantable medical device may deliver the ventricular pacing at a value of the at least one of A-V delay or V-V delay determined based on the identification to provide CRT.

Abstract: A system for use during revascularization includes a catheter having an adjustable balloon for delivery a stent, one or more pacing electrodes for delivering one or more pacing pulses to a patient's heart, and a pacemaker configured to generate the one or more pacing pulses to be delivered to the heart via the one or more pacing electrodes. The one or more pacing pulses are delivered at a rate substantially higher than the patient's intrinsic heart rate without being synchronized to the patient's intrinsic cardiac contractions, and are delivered before, during, or after an ischemic event to prevent or reduce cardiac injury.

Abstract: A system for use during revascularization includes a catheter having an adjustable balloon for delivery a stent, one or more pacing electrodes for delivering one or more pacing pulses to a patient's heart, and a pacemaker configured to generate the one or more pacing pulses to be delivered to the heart via the one or more pacing electrodes. The one or more pacing pulses are delivered at a rate substantially higher than the patient's intrinsic heart rate without being synchronized to the patient's intrinsic cardiac contractions, and are delivered before, during, or after an ischemic event to prevent or reduce cardiac injury.

Abstract: A cardiac resynchronization pacemaker and a method of adjusting the pacemaker. The method includes deriving a vectorcardiogram from implanted electrodes (D-VCG), analyzing the D-VCG, deriving optimal CRT pacing parameters from the analysis of the D-VCG, and adjusting the CRT pacemaker according to the derived parameters. The pacemaker may include a processor configured to perform the method.

Abstract: A system for use during revascularization includes a catheter having an adjustable balloon for delivery a stent, one or more pacing electrodes for delivering one or more pacing pulses to a patient's heart, and a pacemaker configured to generate the one or more pacing pulses to be delivered to the heart via the one or more pacing electrodes. The one or more pacing pulses are delivered at a rate substantially higher than the patient's intrinsic heart rate without being synchronized to the patient's intrinsic cardiac contractions, and are delivered before, during, or after an ischemic event to prevent or reduce cardiac injury.

Abstract: A system for use during revascularization includes a catheter having an adjustable balloon for delivery a stent, one or more pacing electrodes for delivering one or more pacing pulses to a patient's heart, and a pacemaker configured to generate the one or more pacing pulses to be delivered to the heart via the one or more pacing electrodes. The one or more pacing pulses are delivered at a rate substantially higher than the patient's intrinsic heart rate without being synchronized to the patient's intrinsic cardiac contractions, and are delivered before, during, or after an ischemic event to prevent or reduce cardiac injury.

Abstract: A cardiac resynchronization pacemaker and a method of adjusting the pacemaker. The method includes deriving a vectorcardiogram from implanted electrodes (D-VCG), analyzing the D-VCG, deriving optimal CRT pacing parameters from the analysis of the D-VCG, and adjusting the CRT pacemaker according to the derived parameters. The pacemaker may include a processor configured to perform the method.

Abstract: A system for use during revascularization includes a catheter having an adjustable balloon for delivery a stent, one or more pacing electrodes for delivering one or more pacing pulses to a patient's heart, and a pacemaker configured to generate the one or more pacing pulses to be delivered to the heart via the one or more pacing electrodes. The one or more pacing pulses are delivered at a rate substantially higher than the patient's intrinsic heart rate without being synchronized to the patient's intrinsic cardiac contractions, and are delivered before, during, or after an ischemic event to prevent or reduce cardiac injury.

Abstract: A cardiac resynchronization pacemaker and a method of adjusting the pacemaker. The method includes deriving a vectorcardiogram from implanted electrodes (D-VCG), analyzing the D-VCG, deriving optimal CRT pacing parameters from the analysis of the D-VCG, and adjusting the CRT pacemaker according to the derived parameters. The pacemaker may include a processor configured to perform the method.

Abstract: A system for use during revascularization includes a catheter having an adjustable balloon for delivery a stent, one or more pacing electrodes for delivering one or more pacing pulses to a patient's heart, and a pacemaker configured to generate the one or more pacing pulses to be delivered to the heart via the one or more pacing electrodes. The one or more pacing pulses are delivered at a rate substantially higher than the patient's intrinsic heart rate without being synchronized to the patient's intrinsic cardiac contractions, and are delivered before, during, or after an ischemic event to prevent or reduce cardiac injury.

Abstract: Cardiac protection pacing is applied to prevent or reduce cardiac injury and/or occurrences of arrhythmia associated with an ischemic event including the occlusion of a blood vessel during a revascularization procedure. Pacing pulses are generated from a pacemaker and delivered through one or more pacing electrodes incorporated onto a percutaneous transluminal vascular intervention (PTVI) device used in the revascularization procedure. The pacemaker generates the pacing pulses according to a predetermined cardiac protection pacing sequence before, during, and/or after the ischemic event.

Abstract: A pacing system delivers cardiac protection pacing to protect the heart from injuries associated with ischemic events. The pacing system detects an ischemic event and, in response, initiates one or more cardiac protection pacing sequences each including alternative pacing and non-pacing periods. In one embodiment, the pacing system initiates a cardiac protection pacing sequence in response to the detection of the onset of an ischemic event, such that a pacing concurrent conditioning therapy is applied during the detected ischemic event.