Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of ether-sulphonates of high purity, substantially free from extraneous salts, of the general formula IR.sup.1 --[O--(CR.sup.2 R.sup.2 R.sup.2' --CR.sup.5 R.sup.5' SO.sub.3 MIin whichR.sup.2 to R.sup.5, R.sup.2+ to R.sup.5', M, x and y are defined as given in claim 1 by reacting a compound of the general formula IIR.sup.1 --[O--(CR.sup.2 R.sup.2+ --CR.sup.3 R.sup.3').sub.x ].sub.y --OHIIwith a compound of the general formula IIIHO--CR.sup.4 R.sup.4' CR.sup.5 R.sup.5' --SO.sub.3 M IIIin the presence of a compound of the general formula IVMOH IVfollowed by neutralization of the compound of the general formula IV with an acid, characterized in that the acid employed is a compound of the general formula VR.sup.1 --[O--(CR.sup.2 R.sup.2' --CR.sup.3 R.sup.3').sub.x ].sub.y --OCR.sup.4 R.sup.4' CR.sup.5 R.sup.5' SO.sub.

Abstract: The water-soluble copolymer comprises 5-90% by weight of groups of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl, R.sup.2 is C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 -alkylene, and Me is ammonium or an alkali metal, 5-90% by weight of groups of the formula--CH.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2 --N.sup.+ R.sup.3 R.sup.4 --CH.sub.2 --CH.dbd.CH-- X.sup.- IIin which X is a halogen, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, independently of one another, are C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, 0-60% by weight of groups of the formula ##STR2## in which R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 together are a propylene group which with inclusion of the radical ##STR3## forms a pyrrolidone radical, and 0-30% by weight of groups of the formula--CHR.sup.7 --CHR.sup.8 -- IVin which R.sup.7 is hydrogen or methyl and R.sup.8 is CONH.sub.2, CON(CH.sub.3).sub.2, cyano, SO.sub.3 H, SO.sub.3 Me, C.sub.6 H.sub.4 SO.sub.3 H, C.sub.6 H.sub.4 SO.sub.3 Me, CH.sub.2 SO.sub.3 H, CH.sub.2 SO.sub.3 Me, COOH, COOMe, or carboxy-C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are defined as stated in claim 1, characterized in that a 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)-(C.sub.2 -C.sub.5)-alkane or 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol is reacted with vinylphosphonic anhydride.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polycondensates of the general formula I ##STR1## in which X stands, at least once, for a group of the formula VII ##STR2## and, at least once, a group of the formula VIII ##STR3## and the other variables are defined as indicated in claim 1, processes for their preparation and their use.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polycondensates of the general formula I ##STR1## in which ##STR2## and the other variables are defined as indicated in claim 1, processes for their preparation and their use.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for obtaining the hydrocarbon from a hydrocarbon-rich gel based on an ionic surfactant by treatment of the gel with a laminar mineral.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of hydrocarbon-rich gels as a safe storage or transportation form for liquid hydrocarbons and to a process for the safe storage and safe transportion of liquid hydrocarbons, characterised in thata) the hydrocarbon is converted into a hydrocarbon-rich gel by addition of a surfactant and water andb) after storage or transportation has taken place, the hydrocarbon-rich gel is broken down again.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R denotes alkyl, alkenyl or aryl, which can be optionally substituted, as crosslinkers in the preparation of hydrogels, and to the hydrogels thus prepared and their use.

Abstract: Hydrophobic, cross-linked absorbent polymers, insoluble in water, in the form of microbeads , based on silica and acrylic acid partially salified by an alkali metal, are obtained by a polymerization process in a water-in-oil suspension in which an aqueous phase obtained extemporaneously from (1), an aqueous solution containing one or more hydrosoluble polymerization initiators, which are free radical generators, and (2), an aqueous phase containing at a concentration of 50.+-.15% by weight a mixture of by weight 2 to 25% of colloidal silica and 98 to 75% of acrylic acid of which 60 to 80 is salified by an alkaline metal, is introduced slowly, under agitation, into a totally deoxygenated oil phase maintained at boiling point and containing a protective colloid, with an aqueous phase to oil phase weight ratio of between 0.8 and 1.2, then when the polymerization reaction is finished, 15 to 55% of the water present is eliminated by azeotropic distillation with recycling of the organic solvent, then 0.01 to 0.

Abstract: Methylolated and optionally etherified urethanes containing fluoroalkyl ligans with formaldehyde, with or witout subsequent etherification, and are in the form of their solutions or aqueous dispersions suitable for the treatment of textiles and leather.

Abstract: Hides, skins and pelts are tanned by use of a tanning agent which comprises the reaction product of acetaldehyde, formaldehyde and a formylamino compound.

Abstract: A textile auxiliary for improving the fastness of materials dyed or printed with a dyestuff is a copolymer of a diallylammonium monomer, a vinyl amide monomer and a (meth)acrylic ester monomer.

Abstract: Improvements in the fastness properties of substrates dyed with reactive dyestuffs are achieved by a dyeing after-treatment with an agent which is the reaction product polyethyleneimine and a bifunctional alkylating agent.

Abstract: The crosslinked, porous copolymer in the form of beads and containing 50 to 99.9% by weight of recurring units of a heterocyclic 5-membered ring compound which contains a polymerizable olefinic group and which has at least one protonizable nitrogen atom in the ring, 0.1 to 50% by weight of units of a crosslinking agent, 0 to 25% by weight of units of a polymerizable organoboron or organosilicon compound and, relative to 100% by weight of the sum of the abovementioned units, 5 to 350% by weight of units of an N-vinylamide of the general formula I CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH--N(R.sup.1)--C(R.sup.2).dbd.O wherein R.sup.1 denotes hydrogen, methyl or ethyl and R.sup.2 denotes hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl, or several such N-vinylamides and 0 to 40% by weight of units of another polymerizable compound or several such compounds, is prepared by inverted suspension polymerization and is used, for example, as a sorbent for acid substances from solutions thereof, preferably aqueous solutions.

Abstract: The crosslinked copolymer containing 75 to 99.9% by weight of recurring units of a pyridyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl or pyrazinyl compound containing a polymerizable olefinic group, 0.1 to 25% by weight of units of a crosslinking agent and 0 to 25% by a weight of units of a polymerizable organosilicon and/or organoboron compound and, based on 100% by weight of the sum of the abovementioned units, 5 to 350% by weight of units of an N-vinyl-amide, is prepared by bead polymerization and used as a sorbent for acid substances from their aqueous solutions.

Abstract: Dyeing with disperse dyes is made more uniform when there is used as a levelling agent a branched polyester which has an apparent average molecular weight of from about 600 to about 5,000, disperses itself in water, and is essentially an ester-linked combination of hydrocarbyloxy groups and carboxyl-derived acyl groups, the groups being linked together as a branched chain by the ester linkages and relative to the carboxy-derived acyl groups the polyester contains from about 5 to about 50 mol.% of COOH or COOM groups and less than 5 mol.% of SO.sub.3 M groups, wherein M denotes the cation of an alkali metal, the ammonium ion or the cationic radical of an organic amine, the number of branches on an interesterified group being not over three and at least 50 mol.% of the hydrocarbyloxy groups are in diethylene glycol or triethylene glycol groups.