Abstract: The present invention provides new methods for the assessment of cancer risk in the general population. These methods utilize particular alleles of three selected genes, here associated with specific biochemical activities, to identify individuals with increased or decreased risk of breast cancer. Using such methods, it is possible to reallocate healthcare costs in cancer screening to patient subpopulations at increased cancer risk and to identify candidates for cancer prophylactic treatment.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for continuously sampling plasma are disclosed. The method of the present invention comprises removing blood from the patient, separating a substantially small portion of plasma, and returning the blood to the patient. The removing, separating, and returning steps are performed continuously and simultaneously with each other. The apparatus of the present invention relates to a double-lumen cannula or venipuncture needle for the removal and returning of blood to the patient at the same site.

Abstract: To sample liquid phase components of a biological fluid which has been subjected to centrifugation to separate its liquid and semisolid phase components and define a liquid-semisolid interface therebetween, a probe carrying a sensor at its end is extended into and through the liquid phase components until the sensor detects the interface, whereupon further extension of the probe into the fluid is halted. A sample of liquid phase components is then withdrawn through openings in the probe spaced from the interface, so that only liquid components are sampled. It is contemplated that a stopper close a vessel containing the biological fluid, and that the probe be extended through and movable within a needle which first pierces the stopper, so that the probe may be moved through the needle and into the vessel. It is also contemplated that the withdrawn liquid phase components be aseptically transferred to a receiving vessel, and that the probe be cleansed with a flushing solution between sampling operations.