Abstract: Cryogenic sources can be used for shielding in wire-based additive manufacturing. Cryogenic shielding can provide better shielding during print, as well as more efficient cooling compared to using regular room temperature shielding gas. Cryogenic shielding can extend the nozzle run time by preventing spatter build up in nozzles. Cryogenic sources also can be used for active part cooling and/or active weld puddle cooling.

Abstract: Systems of weldable wires, powder, and materials comprising an aluminum-magnesium-scandium alloy, and methods for additive manufacturing the alloy are described. The alloy can be additive manufactured in industrial scale. With post treatment, the additive manufactured alloys can have desired properties for aerospace applications.

Abstract: Systems and methods for localized work return path of additive manufacturing systems are described. Localized grounding connects the printed surface directly to the work return, and shortens the length of grounding and/or the return cables compared to substrate-based grounding.

Abstract: A 3D printer can print a structure by depositing material into a weld pool that is moving relative to a workpiece. A multi-wire process may be utilized to increase the deposition rate of the 3D printer. An electrode wire can supply energy to the weld pool while being fed at a first feed rate into the weld pool. A second wire can be fed into the weld pool at a second feed rate to deposit additional material and thereby speed up the overall material deposition rate. All of the energy in the weld pool may be supplied by the electrode wire. Different materials may benefit from different orientations of the electrode wire and the second wire.

Abstract: Systems and methods for wire arc additive manufacturing systems that print in horizontal orientations are described. Horizontal WAAM 3D print systems comprise metal 3D print systems in a horizontal orientation with one or more robots operating concurrently on a work piece using one or more wire feeds and a rotating, horizontal build plate.

Abstract: Many embodiments described herein are directed to a printing nozzle capable of producing a high-pressure flow of shielding gas that surrounds a lower pressure flow of shielding gas of the central channel. In certain embodiments, the high-pressure shield gas flow in the internal channels can blow out the material buildup in the nozzle. The high-pressure shielding gas can be concentrically produced around the first low-pressure shielding gas such that it helps to force the first shielding gas into a more laminar flow around the feed material. In several embodiments, a second low-pressure flow of shielding gas can be produced using a secondary cup to increase shielding gas coverage. In various embodiments, a secondary cup surrounds the inner cup, where the gas flow in the central channel and the outer channel can provide shielding gas coverage for the nozzle during printing.

Abstract: Systems of weldable wires, powder, and materials comprising an aluminum-magnesium-scandium alloy, and methods for additive manufacturing the alloy are described. The alloy can be additive manufactured in industrial scale. With post treatment, the additive manufactured alloys can have desired properties for aerospace applications.

Abstract: A modular polyhedral object having at least four external faces which each have in the assembled state a different form and/or color design, is formed from several individual building blocks that each forms a part of the form or color design of each external face. The building blocks are joined together loosely or with releasable connecting means, wherein the building blocks of each module have at least four differently designed side faces. A form-congruent assembly of the object is created by arranging the individual building blocks so as to produce matching external faces on each side of the object, as well as to produce matching respective opposing side faces of the building blocks inside the object with vertically and horizontally matching coded pairs. A modular polyhedral cube-shaped object with at least five differently designed side faces is also described.

Abstract: A modular polyhedral object having at least four external faces which each have in the assembled state a different form and/or color design, is formed from several individual building blocks that each forms a part of the form or color design of each external face. The building blocks are joined together loosely or with releasable connecting means, wherein the building blocks of each module have at least four differently designed side faces. A form-congruent assembly of the object is created by arranging the individual building blocks so as to produce matching external faces on each side of the object, as well as to produce matching respective opposing side faces of the building blocks inside the object with vertically and horizontally matching coded pairs. A modular polyhedral cube-shaped object with at least five differently designed side faces is also described.

Abstract: A solitaire game is essentially composed of a parallelepipedic body (1) with two square opposite front faces (1a) and four semicircular disks (2) fastened to the four longitudinal edges (1c) of the parallelepipedic body (1)- so as to pivot over 90.degree.. At the periphery of each semicircular disk (2) are arranged two quarter circle ring segments (3) that can slide along the circular arc periphery of each semicircular disk (2). This solitaire game is characterized by very complex playing possibilities associated to a simple, compact structure.