Abstract: For measuring the air charge of a plastic component for a low-pressure multicomponent foam system, the gas-charged plastic component is admitted into a measuring chamber. The gas pressure of the plastic component displaces a measuring piston in the measuring chamber and the displacement distance of the piston is a measure of the gas charge.

Abstract: Apparatus and process settling layer filtration in which the liquid to be filtered is passed through a layer of settling layer particles settled directly upon a self-supporting support member, the support member is a plate or tube, e.g. candle filter tube, perforated by a multitudinous array of holes of circular cross-sectional shape having a diameter at their smallest point in the range of 50-250 microns, and larger than the largest dimension of the larger particles, with a density of 20-400 opening per sq. cm. of member surface area whereby the layer particles form over such circular opening dome-shaped arches exhibiting increased strength and stability during actual filtration. An effective technique for producing such members by means of laser beam drilling is disclosed.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for controlling the quantity of filter aid fed to a settling filter in a given unit of time during filtration. The pressure drop across the filter is determined and used to provide a first control magnitude, the quantity of liquid flowing through the filter per unit of time is determined and used to give a second magnitude, and the ratio of the first to the second magnitudes is determined as a third control magnitude, the quantity of filter aid delivered to the liquid feed to the filter is adjusted in proportion to such third control magnitude. Various ways of relating each control magnitude to its control variable are disclosed.

Abstract: A settling layer filtration system having at least one settling layer arranged in a vertical direction with the liquid to be filtered being delivered thereto by means of an electric powered filter pump which is protected against the collapse of that settling layer in the event of the occurrence of an emergency condition which would interrupt the flow of liquid therethrough by the provision of an emergency standby operating means for maintaining during the emergency condition a minimum flow of liquid through said settling layer sufficient to maintain it in vertical working position. The emergency operating means includes a water turbine having a driving connection with pump means delivering liquid to the settling layer, means for sensing the occurrence of an emergency condition, and means operated in response to the sensing means for activating the water turbine to drive the pump to deliver liquid at a flow level at least sufficient to maintain the settling layer in its working orientation.

Abstract: A filter press plate for layer and settling filters having an open frame of stainless steel and at least one partition plate of corrosion resistance material detachably supported within the frame by means of cooperating lugs and recesses on the mutually facing edges of the at least one partition plate and frame, sufficient clearance space being provided between the peripheral edge of the at least one partition plate and the adjacent frame edges as to accommodate any difference in the heat expansions thereof at the maximum temperature to which the filter press plate is to be exposed. The frame includes exteriorly projecting hollow eyes which define manifolds for supplying and removing the liquid to be filtered when a plurality of the elements are stacked together in use. The at least one partition plate is profiled on its opposite side faces to form channels for the liquid being filtered.