Abstract: A filter for separating pollutants from flue gases with a filter housing and with a plurality of filter boxes arranged therein at spaced locations horizontally one on top of another or vertically next to one another. These filter boxes contain the filter medium, which may be activated carbon, open-hearth furnace coke or a similar material. The filter boxes are sprayed with water via nozzles. The sprayed surfaces of the filter boxes are correspondingly designed as surfaces permeable to water. Flue gases flow into the filter boxes from the bottom. These surfaces of the filter boxes are correspondingly permeable to gas. A water collection box with vertical gas flow pipes, from which the collected water is pumped off and reused for spraying with water, is located under the filter boxes.

Abstract: A device for incinerating solid and/or liquid toxic substances, especially projectiles filled with chemical warfare agents. Because the ammunition to be incinerated may have been inadvertently not disarmed the incinerator plant must be able to withstand an operating pressure of at least 40 bar. The incineration includes a rotatably mounted unit consisting of a rotary tubular kiln, an afterburning chamber, and a waste heat boiler. The unit is designed in a corresponding pressure-proof manner, and the rotary tubular kiln as well as the afterburning chamber are lined with refractory material. The operating pressure is generated by a compressor arranged upstream of the incinerator plant, and it is released by an expander arranged downstream of the entire plant.

Abstract: A device for removing heavy metals and slags from synthesis gas produced from refinery wastes includes a gas deflecting device (3, 4), in which the hot synthesis gas, flowing vertically in the downward direction, is deflected into the horizontal direction and enters a known waste heat cooler (2). The gas deflecting device is arranged under a prior-art synthesis gas reactor (1). A ceramic deflecting wall (5), around the lower end of which the synthesis gas is guided, is built in within the deflecting device (3, 4). Since synthesis gas produced from refinery wastes contains a relatively high percentage of heavy metals and slags, there is a risk that these particles will contaminate the [heat] exchanger walls of the subsequent waste heat cooler (2). The heavy metals and slags are separated frown the gas flow in the deflecting device (3, 4).

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a device for removing toxic substances, e.g., dioxins and furans, from flue gases, e.g., a refuse incinerator plant, prior to entry into the smokestack. To adsorb these toxic aromatic substances, activated carbon is mixed with 30-40 vol. % water in a filter vessel, and the flue gases in the form of chains of fine bubbles are passed through the activated carbon-water mixture. The filter vessel 1 has a perforated partition 13 acting as a gas distributor. The activated carbon sludge saturated with toxic substances is drawn off and replaced by correspondingly adding dry activated carbon and water.

Abstract: A cooler for particle-laden gases in a coal-gasification plant, with an upright nest of hot-gas tubes that coil around the cooler's longitudinal axis inside its jacket and with a pipe for supplying a coolant inside the nest of tubes. The cooler has a ceramic-lined or liquid-cooled distributing head (1) with a central gas intake (2) at the top and with several diffusor-like gas outlets (3) at the bottom that open into the nest (4) of tubes and several gas outlets (5) below the nest. The hot-gas tubes are suspended from the coolant-supply pipe (v) on claws (7). The pipe has at least one intake (8) for the descending coolant and rests on a support (9) on the base (11) of the cooler or on supports (10) against the inner surface of the cooler. The mixture of steam and water ascending among the tubes is extracted through at least one outlet (14) on the jacket (12) of the cooler.

Abstract: This invention relates to a plant and arrangement and method for the low temperature carbonization of waste material with low-temperature carbonization device and a secondary incineration chamber. The heating system of the low-temperature carbonization device is substantially corrosion-free and gases hazardous to the environment are transformed into gases with a lower level of hazardous matter in a simple manner by directing the heating gas of the low-temperature carbonization device into a closed loop cycle through a low temperature carbonization device and into a heat exchanger of a secondary incineration device. The heat exchanger is equipped with a lining which insures a temperature of the burner gases in the heat exchanger of 1200.degree. C. or more for a period of dwell of 1 to 5 sec.

Abstract: An installation for the low temperature carbonization of waste under the exclusion of air with a low temperature carbonization cylinder, in particular device for after-burning of residual materials for the low-temperature carbonization installation, has an improved energy balance by carrying out a low-temperature carbonization so as to increase the ratio of internal energy requirement to energy release in favor of energy release. The carbon containing residual materials from the low-temperature carbonization cylinder are exposed to a complete after-burning on an inclined step grate and also a subsequent after-burning in a chamber. The burning gases for the burning devices of the step-grate are low temperature carbonization gasses obtained from the low-temperature carbonization installation. Gases from a waste heat boiler arranged after the after-burn chamber are utilized as heating gases for a low-temperature carbonization installation cylinder.

Abstract: A process and a device for cleaning inner or outer walls of vertically extending or inverted tubes of heat exchangers and especially for cleaning tubes in trash incinerators. The process involves imparting kinetic energy to the tubes in an axial direction and then suddenly stopping the tubes to shake loose dirt and the like. The device for the process includes arranging a plurality of rows of vertically extending tubes such that the tubes move upwardly and downwardly in the direction of the axis of the tubes. The tubes advantageously include their own lower distributors and upper headers. These distributors and/or headers rest on a movable cam or cam plate which, for example, may be rotated so that a radially extending offset of the shoulder of the cam permits the cam to lift the upper headers upwardly to a height at which point they are suddenly dropped.

Abstract: A process and a device for cleaning inner or outer walls of vertically extending or inverted tubes of heat exchangers and especially for cleaning tubes in trash incinerators. The process involves imparting kinetic energy to the tubes in an axial direction and then suddenly stopping the tubes to shake loose dirt and the like. The device for the process includes arranging a plurality of rows of vertically extending tubes such that the tubes move upwardly and downwardly in the direction of the axis of the tubes. The tubes advantageously include their own lower distributors and upper headers. These distributors and/or headers rest on a movable cam or cam plate which, for example, may be rotated so that a radially extending offset of the shoulder of the cam permits the cam to lift the upper headers upwardly to a height at which point they are suddenly dropped.

Abstract: An incinerator plant for waste materials having a large throughput capacity and/or partial-load operation comprises a combination of two rotary tube furnaces feeding into a common secondary combustion chamber provided with burners that can be selectively added in and turned off, and which in turn feeds gaseous products of combustion into a waste heat boiler having two boiler flues which are connected to a common steam drum. The plant requires only one monitoring system and, when provided with a rotary tube furnace and a furnace grate, can be used for the incineration of special refuse and household refuse simultaneously.

Abstract: A waste incinerator, especially for waste products from the chemical industry, comprising a horizontal, stationary or revolving, combustion chamber, and a vertical, brick lined afterburning chamber with circular cross section. The steel casing of the afterburning chamber is supported on an exterior furnace framework by means of a supporting ring on the chamber above the burner supported on a horizontal supporting frame. An upper steel casing segment of the afterburning chamber is separated from a lower steel casing segment above the entrance of the horizontal combustion chamber by a separating joint. The afterburing chamber above the joint is suspended by a supporting ring engaged over a horizontal frame of the furnace framework. The joint is spanned by a compensator.

Abstract: An upright reactor for the generation of methanol comprises a cylindrical housing closed by a removable hood, where several catalyst beds, arranged one over the other and each carried by a detachable gas-permeable bottom or net, are surrounded by a cylindrical jacket of finned tubes into which open the ends of the exchanger tubes traversing the catalyst bed. According to the invention, horizontal gas-impermeable partitions are arranged below the gas-permeable bottoms or nets of the second lowest and of the next highest catalyst beds at the level of inflow or outflow openings for the gas.

Abstract: A vertical reactor for catalytic exothermic and endothermic reactions, especially for the production of methanol, ammonia, synthesis gas and higher alcohols, with a jacket containing the catalyst bed and exchanger pipes which form a tube bundle running through the jacket parallel to its longitudinal axis, with a gas-permeable floor supporting the catalyst bed, as well as feed and discharge pipes for the cooling or heating medium running through the jacket lid and the jacket floor, said feed and discharge pipes, as well as feed and discharge pipes for the reaction gas, leading into horizontal distributing and collecting pipes wherein the upper and lower ends of the upright or essentially upright exchanger pipes of the tube bundle lead into horizontal supporting headers which are parallel to each other and arranged below and above the collecting and distributing pipes.

Abstract: A reactor comprises a vertically elongated cylindrical housing with at least one bottom in the housing which supports a catalyst bed which is permeable to gas and through which heat exchanger tubes extend. The construction includes a cylindrical wall within the housing which encloses the catalyst. The housing is constructed so that a cover thereof may be removed to lift the bottom together with the cylindrical wall and the catalyst bed with the tubes out of the housing. The cylindrical wall is advantageously formed by finned tubes. The construction advantageously includes upper and lower header portions and the heat exchanger tubes which extend through the bed are bent at each end and extend into these headers. In an alternate embodiment, the reactor has more than one bottom at spaced vertical locations. Coolant is advantageously supplied through one of the headers of the heat exchanger tubes, for example, a lower one for exit out through the upper one.

Abstract: A method of controlling the heating effect of high temperature gases such as gases obtained in the partial oxidation of oil asphalt, oil shale or coal and the like which are to be used for the heating of another media such as for superheating steam comprises passing the high temperature gases into a space on the way to the heating of the media and circulating a heat absorbing media such as water into the space in quantities to have a selected heat exchange with the high temperature gases and control the temperature thereof on its way to its use in a heat exchanger or superheater. The apparatus include a vessel which is connected between a superheater and a steam producing gas cooler which has an inlet for the high temperature gases which are circulated through the vessel through tubes on its way to the superheater which is disposed over the vessel and advantageously connected to it.

Abstract: An upright apparatus for cooling high pressure gases with a high dust component includes a radiation/convection cooler with longitudinally extending heat exchanger elements and a convection cooler follows the radiation/convection cooler on the gas side. As distinguished from known devices for the cooling of high pressure gases, the apparatus provides a largely uniform distribution of the gas at the cooling elements and hence a uniform thermal load of the individual elements in the radiation/convection cooler. A uniform cleaning of these cooling elements and easy removal of the dust from the cooling surfaces of these cooling elements is made possible, in order thereby to ensure a good heat transfer. The radiation/convection cooler heat exchanger elements are combined in finned tube walls forming lanes between them, which walls extend from one inner wall section to the opposite inner wall section.

Abstract: A device for heating open melting baths, especially galvanizing baths, enameling baths, lead coating baths, metal baths, and glass baths, and the like, in tubs, or vats or tanks, wherein an inert gas is circulated through components of the open baths which are closed toward the gas side which are in the form of shafts, and through a heater, whereby the gas is introduced into the fluid of the bath into vertical shafts, arranged on each longitudinal and/or end side of the tub, or vat or tank, the gas then bubbling through the fluid and being withdrawn through a withdrawal channel positioned above the shafts. There is provided at least one ceramic partition extending into the fluid, which partition forms at least part of the vertical shafts, and having at least one bore or a slot the upper end of which is in communication with the gas inlet conduit and the lower end of which opens into a pertaining vertical shaft or has provisions for directing the gas into the shaft.

Abstract: In a device for the treatment of synthesis gas produced by coal gasification, a vertically extending shell is connected to a coal gasification reactor so that the interior of the shell is in direct communication with the interior of the reactor. The interior surface of the shell is lined with upwardly extending heat exchange tubes. Additional heat exchange tubes in combination with the tubes lining the shell form a plurality of upwardly extending chambers projecting radially inwardly from and spaced angularly apart about the tube lining. Tubes coextensive with the heat exchanger tubes forming the lining, are located within the chamber for conveying a cleaning fluid. The tubes are arranged to direct the cleaning fluid approximately tangentially of the heat exchanger tubes lining the shell for cleaning the exterior surfaces of such tubes.

Abstract: Apparatus for purification of synthesis gas produced by coal gasification is provided with a vertical gas distribution chamber which is internally pressurized and within which the synthesis gas leaving the reactor is cooled. The chamber is formed with a gas take-off line which opens into the gas distribution chamber and extends therefrom at an angle, the gas take-off line leading to a serially connected waste heat boiler. A coolant bath is contained in a lower portion of the gas distribution chamber and a heat exchanger is formed in this lower portion by tube coils which are arranged in the wall of the distribution chamber defining the lower portion.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for extracting granular or finely divided or powdered solid materials from a gas under high pressure, particularly slag from synthesized gas generated in connection with the gasification of coal. The invention is carried out by using a U-shaped receptacle containing a molten medium which seals off the gas chamber from the atmosphere and has a higher specific gravity than said solid materials. The solid materials are pushed below the surface of the molten medium and, by means of lateral movement, are floated up to the atmosphere, where they are contained. The U-shaped receptacle has a first tank-like arm and a second tubular arm, with a connecting conduit joining the two. This connecting conduit is inclined upwardly towards the second arm. The first arm, which is acted upon by gas pressure, contains lowering means for lowering the solid materials to the level of the connecting conduit.