Abstract: An over-current protection device includes a first metal layer, a second metal layer and a heat-sensitive layer laminated therebetween. The heat-sensitive layer exhibits a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) characteristic and includes a first polymer and a conductive filler. The first polymer consists of polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), and PVDF exists in different phases such as ?-PVDF, ?-PVDF and ?-PVDF. The total amount of ?-PVDF, ?-PVDF and ?-PVDF is calculated as 100%, and the amount of ?-PVDF accounts for 48% to 55%. The conductive filler has a metal-ceramic compound.

Abstract: An over-current protection device includes a first metal layer, a second metal layer and a heat-sensitive layer laminated therebetween. The heat-sensitive layer exhibits a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) characteristic and includes a first polymer and a conductive filler. The first polymer consists of polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), and PVDF exists in different phases such as ?-PVDF, ?-PVDF and ?-PVDF. The total amount of ?-PVDF, ?-PVDF and ?-PVDF is calculated as 100%, and the amount of ?-PVDF accounts for 33% to 42%.

Abstract: Techniques for employing improved prompts in a speech-to-speech translation system are disclosed. By way of example, a technique for use in indicating a dialogue turn in an automated speech-to-speech translation system comprises the following steps/operations. One or more text-based scripts are obtained. The one or more text-based scripts are synthesizable into one or more voice prompts. At least one of the one or more voice prompts is synthesized for playback from at least one of the one or more text-based scripts, the at least one synthesized voice prompt comprising an audible message in a language understandable to a speaker interacting with the speech-to-speech translation system, the audible message indicating a dialogue turn in the automated speech-to-speech translation system.

Abstract: Techniques for employing improved prompts in a speech-to-speech translation system are disclosed. By way of example, a technique for use in indicating a dialogue turn in an automated speech-to-speech translation system comprises the following steps/operations. One or more text-based scripts are obtained. The one or more text-based scripts are synthesizable into one or more voice prompts. At least one of the one or more voice prompts is synthesized for playback from at least one of the one or more text-based scripts, the at least one synthesized voice prompt comprising an audible message in a language understandable to a speaker interacting with the speech-to-speech translation system, the audible message indicating a dialogue turn in the automated speech-to-speech translation system.

Abstract: Techniques for employing improved prompts in a speech-to-speech translation system are disclosed. By way of example, a technique for use in indicating a dialogue turn in an automated speech-to-speech translation system comprises the following steps/operations. One or more text-based scripts are obtained. The one or more text-based scripts are synthesizable into one or more voice prompts. At least one of the one or more voice prompts is synthesized for playback from at least one of the one or more text-based scripts, the at least one synthesized voice prompt comprising an audible message in a language understandable to a speaker interacting with the speech-to-speech translation system, the audible message indicating a dialogue turn in the automated speech-to-speech translation system.

Abstract: A method for communicating real time media data between a first client and a second client across a packet switched data network is provided. The method includes receiving an indication of a first client network address for use as a destination network address for sending media datagrams to the first client. A media datagram originated by the first client is also received. A comparison between the first client network address and a source network address extracted from the media datagram originated by the first client is made. A media datagram is sent to the first client using the source network address if the source network address and the first client network receiving address are not the same and the media datagram is sent to the first client using the first client network address if the source network address and the first client network address are the same.

Abstract: A method of audio communication between a first telephony client located behind a network address translation (NAT) server and a remote second telephony client is disclosed. A calibration datagram is sent from the first telephony client to the second telephony client on a user datagram protocol (UDP) channel identified for sending audio data. The second telephony client extracts the source address and port number to identify a reverse UDP channel for sending audio data to the first telephony client.

Abstract: A method of audio communication utilizing media datagrams between a first telephony client located behind a network address translation (NAT) server and a remote second telephony client is disclosed. Each client utilizes a single port number for both sending and receiving media datagrams. A media datagram is sent from the first telephony client to the second telephony client on a UDP/IP channel utilizing a destination IP address and port number provided by the second telephony client. The second telephony client extracts the source IP address and source port number from the received media datagram to determine if the first telephony client is located behind a NAT server. If the first telephony client is located behind a NAT server, the extracted source IP address and port number are stored and used to send media datagrams to the first telephony client located behind the NAT server.

Abstract: A multimodal speech-to-speech language translation system and method for translating a natural language sentence of a source language into a symbolic representation and/or target language is provided. The system includes an input device for inputting a natural language sentence of a source language into the system; a translator for receiving the natural language sentence in machine-readable form and translating the natural language sentence into a symbolic representation and/or a target language; and an image display for displaying the symbolic representation of the natural language sentence. Additionally, the image display indicates a correlation between text of the target language, the symbolic representation and the text of the source language.

Abstract: A system and method for voice activity detection, in accordance with the invention includes the steps of inputting data including frames of speech and noise, and deciding if the frames of the input data include speech or noise by employing a log-likelihood ratio test statistic and pitch. The frames of the input data are tagged based on the log-likelihood ratio test statistic and pitch characteristics of the input data as being most likely noise or most likely speech. The tags are counted in a plurality of frames to determine if the input data is speech or noise.

Abstract: A method of audio communication utilizing media datagrams between a first telephony client located behind a network address translation (NAT) server and a remote second telephony client is disclosed. Each client utilizes a single port number for both sending and receiving media datagrams. A media datagram is sent from the first telephony client to the second telephony client on a UDP/IP channel utilizing a destination IP address and port number provided by the second telephony client. The second telephony client extracts the source IP address and source port number from the received media datagram to determine if the first telephony client is located behind a NAT server. If the first telephony client is located behind a NAT server, the extracted source IP address and port number are stored and used to send media datagrams to the first telephony client located behind the NAT server.

Abstract: A device provides for sending datagrams representing real time streaming media frames to a client independent of whether the client is served by a network address proxy. The device receives a datagram originated by the client that includes an indicated network address and an indicated port number for receipt of the datagrams representing real time streaming media frames, extracts a source network address and a source port number from the datagram originated by the client, and compares the indicated network address to the source network address. The device addresses the datagrams representing real time streaming media frames to the source network address and source port number if the indicated network address and the source network address are not the same.

Abstract: A method of audio communication between a first telephony client located behind a network address translation (NAT) server and a remote second telephony client is disclosed. A calibration datagram is sent from the first telephony client to the second telephony client on a user datagram protocol (UDP) channel identified for sending audio data. The second telephony client extracts the source address and port number to identify a reverse UDP channel for sending audio data to the first telephony client.

Abstract: A method for communicating real time media data between a first client and a second client across a packet switched data network is provided. The method includes receiving an indication of a first client network address for use as a destination network address for sending media datagrams to the first client. A media datagram originated by the first client is also received. A comparison between the first client network address and a source network address extracted from the media datagram originated by the first client is made. A media datagram is sent to the first client using the source network address if the source network address and the first client network receiving address are not the same and the media datagram is sent to the first client using the first client network address if the source network address and the first client network address are the same.

Abstract: A method and system for transforming a sampling rate in speech recognition systems, in accordance with the present invention, includes the steps of providing cepstral based data including utterances comprised of segments at a reference frequency, the segments being represented by cepstral vector coefficients, converting the cepstral vector coefficients to energy bands in logarithmic spectra, filtering the energy bands of the logarithmic spectra to remove energy bands having a frequency above a predetermined portion of a target frequency and converting the filtered logarithmic spectra to modified cepstral vector coefficients at the target frequency. Another method and system convert system prototypes for speech recognition systems from a reference frequency to a target frequency.

Abstract: An automatic segmenter for continuous text segments such text in a rapid, consistent and semantically accurate manner. Two statistical methods for segmentation of continuous text are used. The first method, called "forward-backward matching", is easy and fast but can produce occasional errors in long phrases. The second method, called "statistical stack search segmenter", utilizes statistical language models to generate more accurate segmentation output at an expense of two times more execution time than the "forward-backward matching" method. In some applications where speed is a major concern, "forward-backward matching" can be used, while in other applications where highly accurate output is desired, "statistical stack search segmenter" is ideal.