Abstract: An expandable photovoltaic submodule comprises an adapter. The adapter comprises: an upper level port, wherein the upper level port comprises a front-positive terminal, a front-negative terminal, a first rear-positive terminal, and a first rear-negative terminal; a lower level port, wherein the lower level port comprises a second rear-positive terminal and a second rear-negative terminal; a first solar cell port, wherein the first solar cell port comprises a cell positive terminal and a cell negative terminal; and a plurality of potential lines coupled to the upper level port, the lower level port, and the first solar cell port, wherein the plurality of potential lines are adapted to series or parallel connections of at least two levels.

Abstract: A module structure includes a front sheet, a back sheet opposite to the front sheet, and a solar cell disposed between the front sheet and the back sheet. A first encapsulation film is disposed between the solar cell and the front sheet, and a second encapsulation film is disposed between the solar cell and the back sheet. The first encapsulation film and the second encapsulation film include an encapsulation material, which includes a resin and a fluorescent molecule. The fluorescent molecule includes a fluorescent group bonded to a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane.

Abstract: An expandable photovoltaic submodule comprises an adapter. The adapter comprises: an upper level port, wherein the upper level port comprises a front-positive terminal, a front-negative terminal, a first rear-positive terminal, and a first rear-negative terminal; a lower level port, wherein the lower level port comprises a second rear-positive terminal and a second rear-negative terminal; a first solar cell port, wherein the first solar cell port comprises a cell positive terminal and a cell negative terminal; and a plurality of potential lines coupled to the upper level port, the lower level port, and the first solar cell port, wherein the plurality of potential lines are adapted to series or parallel connections of at least two levels.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solar cell including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a first conversion layer disposed therebetween. The first electrode is closer to a light incident side than the second electrode. The first conversion layer is a composition-gradient perovskite. A part of the first conversion layer adjacent to the first electrode has an energy gap less than that of a part of the first conversion layer adjacent to the second electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solar cell including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a first conversion layer disposed therebetween. The first electrode is closer to a light incident side than the second electrode. The first conversion layer is a composition-gradient perovskite. A part of the first conversion layer adjacent to the first electrode has an energy gap less than that of a part of the first conversion layer adjacent to the second electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed is a module structure including a front sheet, a back sheet, and an optoelectronic device disposed between the front sheet and the back sheet. A first packaging layer is disposed between the optoelectronic device and the front sheet. The back sheet is a layered structure of a hydrogenated styrene elastomer resin layer and a polyolefin layer, wherein the hydrogenated styrene elastomer resin layer is disposed between the optoelectronic device and the polyolefin layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solar cell including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a first conversion layer disposed therebetween. The first electrode is closer to a light incident side than the second electrode. The first conversion layer is a composition-gradient perovskite. A part of the first conversion layer adjacent to the first electrode has an energy gap less than that of a part of the first conversion layer adjacent to the second electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solar cell including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a first conversion layer disposed therebetween. The first electrode is closer to a light incident side than the second electrode. The first conversion layer is a composition-gradient perovskite. A part of the first conversion layer adjacent to the first electrode has an energy gap less than that of a part of the first conversion layer adjacent to the second electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed is a module structure including a front sheet, a back sheet, and an optoelectronic device disposed between the front sheet and the back sheet. A first packaging layer is disposed between the optoelectronic device and the front sheet. The back sheet is a layered structure of a hydrogenated styrene elastomer resin layer and a polyolefin layer, wherein the hydrogenated styrene elastomer resin layer is disposed between the optoelectronic device and the polyolefin layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a module structure including a front sheet, a back sheet, and an optotronic device disposed between the front sheet and the back sheet. A first encapsulate layer is disposed between the optotronic device and the front sheet. A second encapsulate layer is disposed between the optotronic device and the back sheet. The back sheet is a layered structure of a hydrogenated styrene elastomer resin layer and a polyolefin layer, wherein the hydrogenated styrene elastomer resin layer is disposed between the second encapsulate layer and the polyolefin layer.

Abstract: A solar photoelectrical module is disclosed, including a back sheet, a plurality of solar cells disposed over the back sheet and adjacent to at least one side of the back sheet, a first package material layer disposed on the back sheet, a second package material layer disposed on the first package material layer, wherein an interface between the first package material layer and the second package material layer comprises a first texture structure.

Abstract: The photovoltaic module includes a string of serially connected solar cells. When the string direction of the serially connected solar cells is an “x” direction, the interval between the two solar cells in the x direction ranges from 4 mm to 6 mm so as to enhance light trapping.