Abstract: A high-throughput sequencing method for detecting methylated CpG islands includes: processing a DNA sample by using a modifier, and converting cytosine in the DNA sample into uracil, and keeping 5?methylcytosine unchanged; amplifying the obtained segment by using a primer A and DNA polymerase, to obtain a segment having one end being capable of anchoring a junction primer C; amplifying the obtained segment by using a primer B and DNA polymerase, to obtain a segment gathering methylated CpG islands and having two ends being capable of separately anchoring junction primers C and D; amplifying the obtained segment at a PCR exponent by using the junction primers C and D and the DNA polymerase, to obtain the amplified product; and separating and purifying the amplified product, to form a high-throughput sequencing library and perform computer sequencing, and data analysis.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for detecting differentially methylated CpG islands associated with an abnormal state of a human body, characterized by detecting very minute amounts of methylated CpG short tandem nucleic acid sequences in highly fragmented DNA samples with genome scale, identifying differentially methylated CpG islands associated with abnormal state of human body and determining the corresponding abnormal state of human body. Sequencing libraries are constructed by using CpG short tandem sequences as primers to perform three steps of PCR reactions on DNAs which are conversed by nodifiers, and detections of very minute amounts of methylated CpG short tandem nucleic acid sequences are implemented with high throughput sequencing technology. A group of genome sequences and methylation patterns of differentially methylated CpG islands which are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma are also disclosed; they may be used for distinguishing between hepatacellular carcinoma and non-cancerous state.

Abstract: A high-throughput sequencing method for detecting methylated CpG islands includes: processing a DNA sample by using a modifier, and converting cytosine in the DNA sample into uracil, and keeping 5?methylcytosine unchanged; amplifying the obtained segment by using a primer A and DNA polymerase, to obtain a segment having one end being capable of anchoring a junction primer C; amplifying the obtained segment by using a primer B and DNA polymerase, to obtain a segment gathering methylated CpG islands and having two ends being capable of separately anchoring junction primers C and D; amplifying the obtained segment at a PCR exponent by using the junction primers C and D and the DNA polymerase, to obtain the amplified product; and separating and purifying the amplified product, to form a high-throughput sequencing library and perform computer sequencing, and data analysis.

Abstract: The present invention provided a simple three-step approach based on the combinational induction with activin A, all-trans retinoic acid and, optionally, other maturation factors which are able to induce embryonic stem cells to differentiate into insulin-producing cells. A kit used to induce embryonic stem cells to differentiate into insulin-producing cells was also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provided a simple three-step approach based on the combinational induction with activin A, all-trans retinoic acid and, optionally, other maturation factors which are able to induce embryonic stem cells to differentiate into insulin-producing cells. A kit used to induce embryonic stem cells to differentiate into insulin-producing cells was also provided.