Abstract: A temperature sensing resistance element includes a substrate made of an insulating material, a temperature sensing resistor formed on at least a part of the outer peripheral surface of the substrate to connect both ends of the substrate, a cap-shaped conducting member being electrically connected to the temperature sensing resistor and disposed at each end of the substrate, and a protective film covering at least the temperature sensing resistor. A gap is defined by an inner surface an enlarged portion of the conducting member and a part of the outer surface of the substrate, and the gap is widened gradually toward the end of the opening of the conducting member.

Abstract: The temperature sensing resistance element comprises a substrate made of an insulating material, a temperature sensing resistor formed on at least a part of the outer peripheral surface of the substrate so as to connect both ends of the substrate, a cap-shaped conducting member being electrically connected to the temperature sensing resistor and disposed at each end of the substrate, and a protective film covering at least the temperature sensing resistor. There is provided with a gap which is defined by an inner surface of the enlarged portion and a part of the outer surface of the substrate, and is widened gradually toward the end of the opening of the conducting member.

Abstract: A resistor for a thermal type of flowmeter includes a ceramic substrate, a thin platinum film formed on the surface of the ceramic substrate, and lead wires for connecting the thin platinum film with an external circuit, and is located in a fluid to detect its flow rate. When the resistance value, R (.OMEGA.) , of the resistor for a thermal type of flowmeter is expressed in terms of a function of temperature, T (.degree.C.):R=R.sub.0 (1+.alpha.T+.beta.T.sup.2)where R.sub.0 is the resistance value in .OMEGA. of the resistor for a thermal type of flowmeter at 0.degree. C., .alpha. is the first-order term coefficient of the temperature coefficient of resistance, and .beta. is the second-order term coefficient of the temperature coefficient of resistance, the value of the first-order term coefficient, .alpha., of the temperature coefficient of resistance is at least 3,650 ppm/.degree.C.

Abstract: A resistor element includes a cylindrical, insulating ceramic substrate, a spiral resistor formed on said ceramic substrate, first and second lead wires inserted into the open ends of said ceramic substrate, a connector for making electrical connections between said resistor and said first and second lead wires, a layer of inorganic material which covers said ceramic substrate, said resistor and said connector, and a layer of resin material which covers the outer surface of said inorganic material layer. This resistor element is advantageously applied to a thermal type of flow rate sensor.

Abstract: A sensor element for a thermal type flowmeter including a ceramic substrate, a thin film, resistor of platinum provided on the outer surface of the ceramic substrate and an outer protective layer of glass provided for protecting the resistor. The glass contains Na.sub.2 O and K.sub.2 O in a total amount of up to 3 mol %. The sensor element has a temperature coefficient of resistance approximate to the bulk value of platinum, and can be fabricated with little variation.

Abstract: A resistor element for determining a parameter, including a ceramic support, an electrically resistive body formed on the ceramic support, at least one lead wire electrically connected to the electrically resistive body, and an adhesive containing platinum for securing the lead wire(s) to the ceramic support. Each lead wire includes a wire rod having a lower thermal conductivity than platinum, and a covering layer which covers the wire rod and is formed of an alloy including platinum as a major component.

Abstract: An oxygen sensor having an excellent durability against poisoning by Si is provided by adhering at least one oxide of Mg, Ca, Sr or Ba on the surface or in the pores of the protective layer covering the measuring electrode of the oxygen sensor.

Abstract: A detecting element for a thermal flow meter, which includes a support having a bearing surface, an electrically resistive body formed on the bearing surface of the support, an electrical conductor which is fixedly secured to the support by means of an adhesive, and an adhesive layer made of the adhesive. The conductor is electrically connected to the electrically resistive body through the adhesive layer. The adhesive layer consists essentially of a glass component and a metal component, such that the glass component has a larger volume than the metal component, and such that the glass and metal components are unevenly distributed in the adhesive layer.

Abstract: A resistor element for determining a parameter, including a ceramic support having a bearing surface, an electrically resistive body formed on the bearing surface of the ceramic support, a conductor or conductors electrically connected to the electrically resistive body, the conductor(s) having a lower thermal conductivity than a conductor made of platinum, and an adhesive for securing the conductor(s) to the ceramic support. The conductor is defined by a lead wire made of an alloy and a covering layer made of a metal which covers the lead wire. The adhesive contains at least one metal of which at least an outer surface of each conductor is formed, so as to increase bonding strength between the conductor(s) and the adhesive.

Abstract: An electric heater for heating a workpiece including at least one heat generating wire which generates heat upon application of an electric current thereto, and which has a diameter of not more than 1 mm. Each heat generating wire has a heating portion which is formed by bending so as to at least partially define a heating space. The workpiece to be heated by the electric heater is positioned relative to the heating space, such that the workpiece is spaced apart from the heating portion of the heat generating wire or wires.

Abstract: A detecting element including a substrate, an electrically conductive portion formed on a surface of the substrate, lead wires for connecting the electrically conductive portion with an external circuit, and a protective layer for covering the electrically conductive portion. The protective layer is made of at least an inorganic glass and a material having a heat conductivity greater than that of the inorganic glass.

Abstract: A detecting element having desired values for electrical resistance and resistance temperature coefficient can be obtained in a simple manner by a method wherein an electrically conductive member is arranged on a substrate, a metal lead is fixed to the substrate in order to connect the electrically conductive member to an external circuit through the metal lead, and the electrically conductive member is subjected to a heat treatment. Specifically, an electrical current is passed through the electrically conductive member to heat the detecting element before completion to a predetermined temperature and to form a glass protecting film by the heat generation of the member itself.

Abstract: An oxygen sensor element including an oxygen ion conductive solid electrolyte body, and electrode layers formed on opposite surfaces of the oxygen ion conductive solid electrolyte body. The electrode layers are mainly constituted by a platinum group metal in which a refractory material is dispersed.

Abstract: An electrode formed on an oxygen-ion conductive solid electrolyte body of an oxygen sensing element such that the electrode is exposed to a measurement fluid to be measured, for detecting a concentration of oxygen in the fluid. The electrode is formed of a porous cermet layer which has a thickness of at least 3 microns. The porous cermet layer includes as major components thereof an oxygen-ion conductive solid electrolyte, and at least two platinum-group metals which are selected from the platinum group and which includes platinum and rhodium. A content of said rhodium and a total content of the above at least two platinum-group metals are determined so as to satisfy the following formulas: R/M=0.2 to 0.8, and M/(SE+M)=0.3 to 0.8, where, R=volume % of rhodium included in the cermet layer, M=total volume % of the at least two platinum-group metals, and SE=volume % of the oxygen-ion conductive solid electrolyte included in the cermet layer.

Abstract: An oxygen sensing element having an oxygen-ion conductive solid electrolyte body, a measuring and a reference electrode formed on the solid electrolyte body so as to communicate with a measurement and a reference gas, respectively. The solid electrolyte body is formed by firing an unfired body of an oxygen-ion conductive solid electrolyte material containing a sitnering aid. The firing temperature is selected within a range defined by a permissible lowest sintering point of the unfired formed body, and an upper limit which is 60.degree. above the permissible lowest sintering point, whereby an amount of the sintering aid left on the surface of the first solid electrolyte body is smaller than that left within an interior structure of the solid electrolyte body, as viewed in a transverse cross sectional plane of the solid electrolyte body.

Abstract: An oxygen sensing element adapted primarily to determine an oxygen partial pressure of a measurement gas, including a solid electrolyte body having a surface, at least a portion of which is undulated. An electrode is formed on the undulated portion of the surface of the solid electrolyte body. The electrode is covered by a porous protective coating, such that the electrode is exposed to the measurement gas through the porous protective coating. The undulated portion of the solid electrolyte body has an average height of at least 50 microns between the top and bottom of its convexed and concaved parts. At least a portion of the porous protective coating is positioned within at least one of the concaved parts of the undulated portion of the solid electrolyte body. A method of producing the instant sensing element is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of producing an oxygen sensing element including a main body made of an oxygen-ion conductive solid electrolyte, an undulated layer formed on the main body, a measuring electrode formed on the undulated layer for exposure to a measurement gas, and a porous protective coating which covers the measuring electrode. A solid electrolyte material having a higher degree of sinterability than the oxygen-ion conductive solid electrolyte of the main body of the sensing element is prepared, to form an unfired layer for the undulated layer on a selected portion of an unfired body for the main body. The formed unfired layer for the undulated layer is fired together with the unfired body for the main body, under firing conditions selected for the unfired body, whereby the undulated layer is formed as an integral part of the main body of the sensing element.

Abstract: The cermaic heater includes an elongated plate-like ceramic substrate, a resistance heating element arranged on the ceramic substrate and a pair of conductive lead members extending from the resistance heating element and having a specific resistance smaller than that of the resistance heating element. The oxygen sensor element includes a heater unit and a sensor unit, wherein the heater unit has an elongated plate-like ceramic substrate and a resistance heating element and a pair of conductive lead members arranged thereon, and the sensor unit is integrally united with the heater unit and includes an oxygen ion-conducting solid electrolyte body and reference and measuring electrodes and conductive lead members formed thereon.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell has a layer of sintered mixture, i.e., an electrode, consisting of a platinum group metal and an oxygen-ion-conductive solid electrolyte, whose interstices are stuffed with an oxygen-ion-conductive solid electrolyte heat treated at a temperature below the sintering temperature of the layer of sintered mixture.The electrochemical cell can be used at low temperature as an oxygen sensor or an oxygen pump. Further an excellent durability is ensured even when the electrochemical cell is used in a high-speed stream of high-temperature gas.