Abstract: A camshaft includes, as a cam that opens and closes an exhaust valve and an intake valve, a ball cam whose protrusion amount changes according to rotation of the camshaft, wherein the camshaft has a double structure consisting of an inner shaft and an outer shaft provided in a manner that the inner shaft is helically displaced with respect to the outer shaft around an axis of the camshaft according to a rotation speed of the camshaft, and the ball cam is accommodated movably in a guide groove provided in the inner shaft and protrudes from the outer shaft, and a protrusion amount of the ball cam from the outer shaft changes when the ball cam moves in the guide groove due to the helical displacement of the inner shaft with respect to the outer shaft.

Abstract: A camshaft includes, as a cam that opens and closes an exhaust valve and an intake valve, a ball cam whose protrusion amount changes according to rotation of the camshaft, wherein the camshaft has a double structure consisting of an inner shaft and an outer shaft provided in a manner that the inner shaft is helically displaced with respect to the outer shaft around an axis of the camshaft according to a rotation speed of the camshaft, and the ball cam is accommodated movably in a guide groove provided in the inner shaft and protrudes from the outer shaft, and a protrusion amount of the ball cam from the outer shaft changes when the ball cam moves in the guide groove due to the helical displacement of the inner shaft with respect to the outer shaft.

Abstract: When a collision occurs, a driving force of a drive shaft is transmitted to a reversing high-load multiple disk clutch via an inertia absorbing gear mechanism. Then, the driving force is transmitted to a gear via a gear, and inertia is absorbed and the driving force acts to rotate an output shaft at a low speed. On the other hand, when the gear rotates, a regenerative/backing up motor also rotates, and so-called regenerative driving is also performed. Due to these operations, the output shaft rapidly decreases in rotation speed, and goes into a rotation stopping state from a forward rotating state. Then, when a vehicle speed sensor detects that the vehicle speed has reached “0,” the regenerative/backing up motor is driven, the output shaft is driven to rotate reversely for several seconds, and thereafter, driving of the regenerative/backing up motor is stopped.

Abstract: In an exemplary embodiment, an internal combustion engine, in which a valve is opened and closed when a piston reciprocates in a cylinder, has a configuration to perform repeatedly the following combined strokes: an intake stroke?a compression stroke?a combustion stroke?an exhaust stroke in a four-cycle internal combustion engine are combined with an intake and compression stroke?a combustion and exhaust stroke in a two-cycle internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine can reduce pumping loss in a six-cycle internal combustion engine and increase the output.

Abstract: In an exemplary embodiment, an internal combustion engine, in which a valve is opened and closed when a piston reciprocates in a cylinder, has a configuration to perform repeatedly the following combined strokes: an intake stroke?a compression stroke?a combustion stroke?an exhaust stroke in a four-cycle internal combustion engine are combined with an intake and compression stroke?a combustion and exhaust stroke in a two-cycle internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine can reduce pumping loss in a six-cycle internal combustion engine and increase the output.