Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a toner replenishment device which replenishes a specified monocolor toner to a developing unit arranged around a surface of an image carrier, and which is connected to the developing unit. The apparatus further includes a toner amount detector provided in the toner replenishment device, a cover member provided on a toner replenishment opening portion formed in the toner replenishment device in such a manner that the cover member can be opened and closed, and a cover opening mechanism for enabling the cover member to be opened when the detector detects that the level of toner stored in the toner replenishment device is lower than a predetermined value.

Abstract: A color image forming apparatus for forming a color image. An image retainer is provided for carrying the color image, and a charger charges a surface of the image retainer. A latent image former forms a latent image on the charged surface of the image retainer, and a multicolor developer develops the latent image. A black developer develops the latent image. A transfer sheet conveyer conveys a transfer sheet and transfers the developed latent image onto the transfer sheet. A cleaner cleans a residual developer on the surface of the image retainer. The image retainer, either one of the black developer or the multicolor developer, and the cleaner are formed as a detachable processing cartridge, and the rest of the black developer or the multicolor developer is detachable to the body of the color image forming apparatus.

Abstract: An image forming machine having an image carrier on which an electrostatic latent image is formed, a developing device that develops the latent image and a toner replenisher that replenish toner to the developing device. The toner replenisher has a cover attached to the upper opening portion thereof which can be opened or closed when a pivotable member having a rack, provided to the toner replenisher, is moved. A pinion is rotated by the rack, and the pinion rotates a shaft to move rotatable members, which in turn open or close the cover.

Abstract: A color image forming apparatus for forming a color image comprising; an image retainer for carrying the color image, a charger for charging a surface of the image retainer, a latent image former for forming a latent image on the charged surface of the image retainer, a multicolor developer for developing the latent image, a black developer for developing the latent image, a transfer sheet conveyer for conveying a transfer sheet and transferring the developed latent image onto the transfer sheet, and a cleaner for cleaning a residual developer on the surface of the image retainer, in which the image retainer, either one of the black developer or the multicolor developer, and the cleaning means are formed as a detachable processing cartridge, and the rest of the black developer or the multicolor developer is detachable to the body of the color image forming apparatus.

Abstract: A clamshell-type electrophotographic image forming apparatus in which a drum cartridge by which a photosensitive drum is supported is removably accommodated in a clamshell-type opening/closing unit provided on a base plate so as to be opened and closed. The position of a drum shaft of the photosensitive drum is limited by a positioning device which operates according to the opening or closing of the clamshell-type opening/closing unit, or to the accommodating or removal of the drum cartridge. The drum cartridge is permitted to be attached or detached in a direction at right angles with the axial direction of a support shaft about which a clamshell opening/closing unit turns and the developing cartridge is permitted to be attached or detached in a direction in parallel with the axial direction of the support shaft.

Abstract: A color copying machine for copying an image on a photosensitive material having a movable scanning exposure element with a light source for irradiating a document to be copied and projecting light reflected from the document through a window. At most, two of three primary color filters correct the spectral intensity of the light by being inserted into the light path in both directions perpendicular to the direction in which the photosensitive material is conveyed. The ratio of the total area of a sectional plane of the light path to the area of the sectional plane covered by the color correction filter is adjusted to obtain the required spectral intensity. At least one diaphragm in the light path regulates the sectional plane of the light path whereby the controlled diaphragm does not cause a change in the adjusted ratio, and the amount of light is regulated without changing the corrected spectral intensity thereof.

Abstract: An exposure ascertaining device for cameras in which the movement of a movable member adapted to be moved when the film is exposed is ascertained on the basis of an output from a photoelectric element disposed in a position where said photoelectric element can receive the incident light advancing toward a film-set side of the camera. The photoelectric element is provided on the movable member, or disposed in a position where it can receive that part of the incident light which does not enter the image forming part of the surface of a film.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an improved method and apparatus for controlling the aperture blades of a camera in which the aperture stop-down position is controlled by the number of pulses applied to pulse motors. In the present case, the unit-pulse numbers which determine the aperture stop-down position are split into at least two groups, one of which is a multiple of the other, and the blades are moved into the desired position by applying both groups of pulses to the pulse motors.

Abstract: Accurate control of a movable diaphragm member of a camera in which, for each photographic exposure operation, the diaphragm member is set in motion from an initial starting position and is stopped in said motion at a prescribed position corresponding to a desired stopped down value for the photographic exposure by a movable diaphragm stopper, is performed by determining the moving speed of the diaphragm member, and using that speed determination to compute either the time remaining until the stopper should be actuated to stop the diaphragm member at a prescribed stopped down position, or the positional location of the diaphragm member at which the stopper should be actuated for that purpose.

Abstract: An exposure ascertaining device for cameras, in which the exposure of the film is ascertained on the basis of variations in an output from a photoelectric element disposed in a position where said photoelectric element can receive the incident light passed through a film. An exposure ascertaining device for cameras, comprising a photoelectric element disposed in a position which is away an optical path in which such a part of the incident light that enters the surface of a film and which position permits said photoelectric element to receive such a part of the incident light that advances toward a film-surrounding region of a film-set side of the camera. Another photoelectric element disposed in a position which permits the same photoelectric element to receive the light reflected from the film-surrounding region of the film-set side of the camera. The movements of movable members which are adapted to be moved when the film is exposed are ascertained on the basis of outputs from said photoelectric elements.